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| expressed when romantic composers deliberately created music with a specific national identity, using the folk songs, dances, legends, and history of their homelands. |
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composers drew on colorful materials from foreign lands
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| instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene. |
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| explanatory comments that explain the non music element |
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| uses chords containing tones not found in the prevailing major or minor scale |
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| the slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo |
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| when a melody returns in a later movement or section of a romantic work, its character maybe transformed by changes in dynamics, orchestration or rhythm |
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| a composition for solo voice and piano |
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| mood is summed up at the end by a piano section |
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| repeating the same music for each stanza of the poem |
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| writing new music for each stanza |
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| two of the three stanzas are set to the same music |
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romantic art songs are sometimes grouped in a set
may be unified by a storyline that runs through the poems or by musical ideas
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night piece
slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano
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| a study piece designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties |
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| a piece in triple meter, originated as a stately processional dance for the Polish nobility |
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non program music
form similar to program music
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a composition in several movements
a symphony with a program.
each mvmt has a descriptive title
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has one movement, usually in sonata form
modeled after the opera overture, one mvmnt composition that establishes the mood of an opera.
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| symphonic poem (tone poem) |
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a one movement composition
take many traditional forms, sonata form, rondo, or theme and variations, as well as irregular forms.
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music that is intended to be performed before and during a play
sets mood for certain scenes
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used to represent the beloved
a single melody
coined by Berlioz
appears in all 5 movements of Symphonie fantastique
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| a short musical idea associated with a person, an object, or a thought in the drama |
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| Major political and social event of the period |
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| Nocturne in E-flat Major, op 9 No 2 |
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| Violin Concerto in E minor, 1st mvt |
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| Symphnoie fantastique, 4th mvt |
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Symphony No. 9 1st movement
composer?
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| Love Scene from Die Walkure |
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Earliest master of the romantic art
born in Vienna
wrote symphonies, string quartets, chamber music for piano and strings, piano sonatas, operatic compositions
many deal with nature
comparable in power and emotion to those of Beethoven.
Erlkonig
Die Forelle
Trout
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born in germony
piano virtuoso
devloped serious finger problems and one finger was permanently crippled.
marrid his piano teacher’s daughter, Clara Wieck
composed many art songs, first ten years published only piano songs.
wrote four sympnoes
Carnaval
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leading concert pianists of the nineteenth century
trained by her father
married Robert Schumann
considered herself primarily a performing artist, composed little.
Liebst du um Schonbeit
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poet of the piano
only great composer who wrote almost exclusively for piano
brought up in Warsaw
his playing focused on beautiful tone, rhythmic flexibility, atmospheric use of the pedal, and poetic subtleties of dynamics
only 30 public performances
wrote few works, but all are notable, most are short
liked to express his love of poland, evoked variety of moods, always elegant and graceful, used rubato.
Nocturne in E Flat Major, Op 9 No 2
Etude in C Minor, Op 10 No 12
Polonaise in A Flat Major, Op 53
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very hands and young.
greatest pianist of his time
became court conductor for the grand duke in Weimar at 36.
some consider his music vulgar and bombastic.
used rapid fruns and daring leaps
created the symphonic poem
Transcendental Etude No 10 in F Minor
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deeply rooted in classical tradition
music evokes emotion but avoids extremes.
have rapid movement, lightness, and transparent archestral texture
Wrote music in all forms except opera
Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E Minor, Op 64
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french romantic composer
fell in love with shakespeare and a shakespearean actress, whom he pursued and wrote about
music includes abrubt contrasts between high and low
dnamics fluctuate continually and tempo changes many times
created tone colors never before heard
used long elodies
most of his works are for orchestras
Symphonie Fantastique
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most famous russian composer
influenced a lot by russian folk song, also by french, italian, and german
Romeo and Juliet, Overture-Fantasy
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founder of Czech national music
steeped in the folk songs, legends of his native Bohemia, and dances
musical nationalism
compositions were scorned by those who opposed nationalism or modernity
became completely deaf
The Moldau
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followed Smetana as leading composer of Czech national music.
infused his symphonies and chamber music with Bohemian folk song and dance
encouraged american composrs to write nationalistic music and begin their own music
Symphony No 9 in E Minor
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breathed new life into classical forms, German
played for the Schumanns and impressed them.
became very involved with Clara Schumann
created music in all forms except opera
four symphonies, two convertos
music embraces rango of moods
outstanding in his ability to make intricate polyphonic texture sound natural and spontaneous
music is rhythmically exciting
liked rich, dark, tone colors.
favored mellow instruments like viola, clarinet and french horn.
Symphony No 3 in F Major, Op90
Ein Deutches Requiem
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most popular of all opera composers, italian
ardent nationalist, symbolized a free and united italy
composed for a mass public whose main entertainment was opera
mature workds are serious and end unhappily
later in life his style became less conventional and more flecible and had more musical continuity.
his last three operas are his greatest.
Rigoletto
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created some of the best loved operas, italian
had a mervelous sense of theater
his melodies ahve short, easily remembered phrases, very emotional
minimized difference between aria and recitative, like verdi.
La Boheme
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german, wrote operas
felt an opera house was a temple where the sepctator was to be overwhelmed
characters are usaully large than life
wrote his own librettos
called his works music dramas
continuous musical flow in each act
shifted msucial center of gravity from voice to orchestra in opera
loved to exploit the brass
used leitmotifs
used chromatic and disonant harmonies, used rapid key shifts.
Die Walkure (The Valkyrie)
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the last great austrian romantic composer
opened new realms of orchestral sound
won fame as a conductor, struggled to be recognized as a composer
music is often programmatic and reflects constant search for the meaning of life
used voices in four of his symphonies.
used unconventuonal instruments.
Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (Songs of a Wayfarer)
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| forms of the romantic period: |
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| symphony, sonata, string quartet, concerto, opera, art song, character piece, concert overture, symphonic/tone poem, incidental music |
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