| Little Richard (flamboyant) |
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-Played boogie/woogie and rythm and blues
-Lucielle
-Integrated Black and whites, breaking barriers
-Direct opposite to music of Fats Domino
– Total extravert (the bronze liberace)
-Has written some of rock’s landmark songs (tutti frutti)
-Changed conventions of R & B while Jerry Lee Lewis Changed Country |
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-Jackie Brensten and Ike Turner 1951
-The Very first rock and roll record
-Automobile celebration (inspired chuck berry and the beach boys)
-One of the first Jump bands
-Saxaphone squealing was similar to feedback |
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-First double entendre hit
-Billy ward and His Dominos
-R crossover to pop charts |
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-Hound Dog (1953)
-Influenced Janice Joplin (Ball and Chain)
-Written by jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller about male prostitute
-Elvis didn’t discover for three more years |
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-Bill Haley and the Comets (Haley was originally member of country band. famous in england)
-1950’s
-Soundtrack for blackboard jungle (delinquance)
-First White rock song
-represented music for teenagers
-replaced racial gap with generation gap |
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| -boss of blues -Blues shouter (didn’t use microphone) -Territory bands in Kansas City – Originally recorded Shake Rattle and Roll – |
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-Vocalist/Saxophonist
-Innovator of jump band
– group known as tympani five
-influenced haley, berry bbking
-choo choo boogie |
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-Guitar/Vocalist
-First to popularize the electric guitar
-athletics while training (visual aspect)
-dancer/singer age 14
-Stormy Monday Blues |
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-Mckinley mogranfield
-**Originator of the Chicago Blues sound
-All instruments were amplified (wailing harmonica)
-Played influence on many rock bands esp british ones (eric clapton, mick jagger)
-Hoochie coochie man |
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-Major contributor to crossover of R&B music
-Boogie woogie piano -2nd line bass (latin style)
-segregation between black and whites (leniency towards black worship)
-paiono/bass/sax emphasis |
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-New Orleans
-Owner of J and M recording studio (the only one in New Orleans)
-live in studio recordings |
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-New Orleans Musician
-Formed core group of studio Rock and Roll musicians in J&R studios |
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-Ambassador of New Orleans Sound
-Discovered by Dave Bartholomew’s producer in 1949
-had twang and mix of R and Country
-Offered White kids an easy 1st step into black music
-opposite LR, polished, calm, easy going charm
-Ain’t that a shame, Blueberry Hill, I’m walking |
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-“The King of Covers”
-Tutti Frutti (outsold Little Richard)
-Blueberry hill, Ain’t that a shame |
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-Ignored mainstream white major bands
-couldn’t tell if vocalists were white or black (took on personas) |
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-First black disc jockey
-WDIA-memphis black station
-Radio’s Jackie Robinson |
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-White disk jockeys of WLAC (Nashville)
-William “Hoss” Allen, John R. Richbourg, Gene Nobles, Herman Grizzard |
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-Invented by Elvis (That’s all right)
-Frenzied mix of country, blues, gospel and pop
-Southern style, brief in popularity
-no drummer, slapping bass
-Almost entirely the product of Sam Phillips.. also inspired by Hank Williams |
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-Owner of Sun Studios
-Discovered Elvis
-Wanted a white man to sing black music
-Recorded Johnny cash, BB King, Willy Mae Thornton
-Memphis Rockability |
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-Early influenced by gospel music
-Sun Studios: discovered elves, dubbed “Hillbilly Cat”
-Played “thats all right” off the cuff the blow off steam and Sam phillips told him to do it again for the tape (many historians believe to be birth of R)
-RCA bought contract for 40,000
-reached national status with “heartbreak hotel”
-Col. Tom porker became manager |
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-Boy Next Door
-Last of 50’s giants
-Mointed music toward first rock band with buddy Holly and the crickets
-1st to write and produce his own music
-popularized fender stratocaster
-embraced rockability and imitated elvis |
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-prototype for self contained rock band
-Two guitar/bas/drums combination became standard for british bands
-name may have inspired beatles
-“that’ll be the day” “Peggy Sue”, “Every Day”. |
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-gained more fame in england than america
-major influence on British guitar players
-early development of the power chord sound
-“summertime blues” |
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-Updated the tradition of country
-Nashville has inroad to the R&R market
-Featured a duo voice which was unique in the solo voice market
-Influenced others such as the harmonies of john/paul
-direct descendants to the simon and garfunkel/peter & gordon.chad and jeremy
-Budy holly and the everly brothers were the ancestors of country rock |
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| King of the mississippi delta blues: Robert Johnson |
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-King of rockability
-Reminded true to his style
-Sun Records
-Music is an extension of his hillbilly roots |
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| -1935 influenced by great barrelhouse piano players |
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-Became known as “the killer”
-Lewis was viewed as Elvis’ rival
-gave rockability soul |
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| Rock style Expansion (push toward pop) |
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-1958-63
-LAte 50’s transition between intial R&R and teen
idol performance
-new comers had clean cut images |
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-Adventure of ozzie and harriet
-Put R&R music in America’s living room
-LA rockability style in some of his music |
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| King of mississippi blues |
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| Bob Wills and Texas playboys |
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-Became Brian Wilson’s master product
-major influence on the Beatles
-“wouldn’t it be nice” showed mental bliss
-Critically considered masterpiece and one of R&R’s important albums
-many songs showed wilson’s obsession with isolation and his insecurities |
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-Wilson’s answer to poor outing of “Pet Sounds”
-LAbeled as a psychedelic tune
-Wilson’s finest hour as a producer |
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| Premier R&B label of 1950s |
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-Quiet genius of the Beach Boys
-Influenced by Phil spector’s wall of sound |
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-America’s answer to the Beatles
-Painted a landscape of beach, paradise, hot rods, and cali girls
-Combo of 4 freshmen and instrumental surf music |
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-Became Brian Wilson’s master product
-Major influence on Beatles
-“wouldn’t it be nice”-mental bliss
-Considered one of R’s important albums |
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-Brian Wilson’s answer to poor outing of pet sounds
-Labeled as a psychedelic tune
-Wilson’s finest hour as a producer |
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-Brian Wilson’s answer to poor outing of pet sounds
-Labeled as a psychedelic tune
-Wilson’s finest hour as a producer |
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| One of the most successful crossover acts in the 1950’s |
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-Featured 13 year old singer, Frankie Lyman
-Biggest hit: “why do fools fall in love?” |
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| The Orieles and The Ravens |
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-Early R doo-wop
-Important transition groups |
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-reflected increase through still limited commercial possibilities for black music
-more anonymous sound-less threatening to whites
-Star groups: the platters, the coasters, the drifters
-Grew out of urban settings (Mainly east coast)
-Domain of innocent teen love |
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| Inspired youger groups to be more polished and moved music more towards R |
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| Louie, Louie- The Kingsmen |
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Composed by Richard Berry
-The 1st recording by Berry’s group, The Pharoahs
-U.S. Congress had full-scale investigation to find out what was inn the song
-declared incomprehensible @ any speed
-louis was a bartender |
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| Louie, Louie- The Kingsmen |
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Composed by Richard Berry
-The 1st recording by Berry’s group, The Pharoahs
-U.S. Congress had full-scale investigation to find out what was inn the song
-declared incomprehensible @ any speed
-louis was a bartender |
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-Simple, raw form of R
-Inspired by British Invasion bands
-1st wave of do-it-yourself punk rockers |
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| Dick, Dale and the Deltones |
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-King of surf guitar
-Spawned many garage bands around southern california |
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-solidified 2 guitar/bass/drum line-up
-not originally a surf band
-favorite with surf crowd |
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| 1960’S instrumental music (surf music) |
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-surf=primary instrumental style
-lack of vocals necessitated experimenting with sounds on guitar
-guitar had virtually disappeared as lead instrument in early 60’s pop
-reestablished guitar as central roll in R |
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-Developed style known as “twangy” guitar
-Formed model for surf band guitarists that followed |
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| Instrumental groups (1950’s) |
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-Usually built off simple riff
-Rock’s first garage bands |
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| Spector’s last great success |
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-Inspired spector’s best work
-“The Bad girls of pop”
-Discovered by and married phil spector |
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-Use of many instruments
-anyone around studio may have ended up on the recording
-large list of studio musicians that were used became known as “wrecking crew” |
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“Little symphonies for kids”
-Invented role of modern producer |
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Leader of the Pack
-Plays out like romeo and juliet |
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| Groups that followed the girl groups |
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-Like Doo-wop, many one shot groups
-mates idealized images of adolescent romanticism |
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-Motown’s only true pop girl group
-classy supremes outgrew image |
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-patterned themselves after chantels
-Bridged doo-wop and uptown NY pop-soul
-mama said |
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-“maybe” was a big hit (1957)
-Important model for girl groups that followed |
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-Sound and style rather than individual voice or image
-success linked to specific producer who projected his vision rather than groups’s
-often underlying sexuality behind the innoncence |
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-Leiber& Stoller turned to more serious approach
-Developed high-tech production style
-Uptown R |
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-Jused to be called the Robins
-Use playlets-story/song writing style that uses tongue-in-cheek mini-dramas full of wit and insight |
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| Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller |
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-great songwriting team of 50’s
-1st white writers to compose
-“Rogers and Hart” of R&R
-Paved way for Brill Building writers and Phil Spector productions
-Helped expand r&B’s range by incorporating a pop style emphasis |
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| Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller |
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-great songwriting team of 50’s
-1st white writers to compose
-“Rogers and Hart” of R&R
-Paved way for Brill Building writers and Phil Spector productions
-Helped expand r&B’s range by incorporating a pop style emphasis |
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-2 Leading groups of the 60’s: the coasters and the drifters
-Both affiliated with Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller |
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| Involved in payola scandal |
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| Philadelphia and american bandstand |
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-City’s most successful teen idol “machine”
-engine of teen idol machine was american bandstand
-dick clark-host |
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| Gerry Goffin and Carole King |
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-Most prolific hitmakers of Aldon
-Variety and ability to change with time, kept them in business |
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| Neil Sedaka and Howie Greenfield |
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-Less varied in sounds ince writing for sedaka
-katy perry like music videos |
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| Aldon Music Publishing company |
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-Symbol for popular music in NY
-Pop Singers rarely wrote their own music
-Song writers usually in pairs (one music-one lyrics) |
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-Country turned to top 40 formats
-Songwriters–not singers– dominated industry |
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| Most successful teen idol |
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**Godfather of Soul
-Incredible stage show productions
-rythm became everything, all instruments were treated like drum
-Never had a #1 hit
-Groove referred to as “The One”
-Chocked chord guitar sound
-Broken Bass lines (early influences for funk) |
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-Enormous range and sheer power
-Sweeping register, rich vibrato, falsetto, breaks was trademark
-energetic and agile–better live |
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-Known as graceful voice in soul music
-Voie more floating than ray charles |
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-Not really R&R music
-Drew entire spectrum of music
-Church based.. influenced Aretha Franklin and James Brown |
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-Influence of gospel music
-soul music mirrored civil rights movement |
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| Dick Dale and the Deltones |
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-King of surf guitar
-spawned many garage bands around southern california |
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