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| 1756-1791. 40 songs, in German, French, and Italian. "An Chloe", "Als Luise die Briefe ihres ungetreuen Liebhabers verbrannte" etc. |
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| 1770-1827
66 songs, 59 German, 7 Italian
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Most important contribution to the development of Lied:
-expanded harmonic range
-first song cycle An die Ferne Geliebte ("To the distant love"), poet Aloys Jeitteles, 6 songs
Music and texts more congruent
Song cycle linked by piano into one continuous work
1st song returns at the end of the work
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(1794-1858) German poet, wrote "An die Ferne Geliebte", which Beethoven set into the first song cycle
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- Use of unpretentious language
- Poetry emerged from grass roots, no considered just an elitist passtime
- popular appeal of german poetry is mirrored in the role of german poets as a political/social conscience
JOHANN VON GOETHE (1749-1832)
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| 1732-1809
Oratorios: Creation, The Seasons
40 songs in German and English
first important composer to compose vocal music in 3 staves. Dynamics are in the piano, not voice, until Schumann |
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| Johann Friedrick Reichhart |
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| 1752-1814
1000 Songs, doubled voice, harmonically adventurous, expanded strophic plan |
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| 1758-1832
Composer most favored by Goethe
Music subservient to the words, inventive piano postludes |
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1760-1802
300 songs and singspiele, specialized in extended ballads
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| 1797-1828
SONG SUCCESS:
1. "Gretchen am Spinnrade"
2. Reactive: limits the options of composers
3. Flowering of German Literature: Schubert had a voracious appetite for reading.
4. He did not have towering models of song before him, as opposed to symphonies (BEETHOVEN), chamber music (HAYDN), opera (MOZART) |
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