A tempo
return to the original tempo after some deviation

Accidentals

 

symbol used to raise or lower a given pitch by 1 or 2 semi-tones or to cancel a previous sign or part of a key signature
Adagio
slow, seisurely tempo
Al fine
to the end, generally used after a repetition
Allargando
slowing of tempo, usually with increasing volume; most frequently occurs toward the end of a piece
Allegretto
slightly slower than allegro, often implying lighter texture and character as well 
Allegro
fast
Allegro con spirito
fast tempo with spirit
amabile 

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Ancora meno mosso
once more, but a little slower
Adante
rather slow, at a moderate walking speed
Arpeggio 
the notes of a chord played in succession to one another, rather than simultaneously; a broken chord
Art song
a composed song in which the text, melody, and accompaniment, are interrelated to create a unified effect. 
Atonal
music that lacks a tonal center; absence of key
Augmented 
raised or enlarged. Generally refers to the raising of a pitch by one half-step 
Cadenza
an improvised or written-out ornamental passage performed by a soloists usually near the final cadence
Cantabilie
in a singing style; singable
Catch breath
a short or partial breath to renew lung supply quickly
Chord 
3 or more pitches sounded simultaneously or functioning as if sounded simultaneously
Chromatic 
motion by half steps; also describes harmony or melody that employs some of the sequential 12 pitches (semi-tones) in an octave
Coda 
a passage that brings a piece of music to its conclusion; an ending
Concerto 
Compositon for instruments in which a solo instrument is set against an orchestral ensemble.
D.c. or Da Capa
repeat from the beginning of the composition
D.S. or Dal Segno
repeat from the sign
Diminished 
lowered, or reduced; generally fefers to the lowering of a pitch chromatically by one half step
Diminuendo 
gradually reduce volume, getting softer
Divisi
performers singing the same part are divided to sing different parts.
Dolce 
Sweetly,usually also softly
Embellishment 
Ornamentation added to music to make it more beautiful  or effective, or to demonstate the abilities of the performer
Falsetto
type of vocal phonation that enables the singer to sing notes beyond the normal vocal range
Fermata 
a pause or hold
Fortessimo
very loud
Forward tone
focused tone; a tone with major frontal resonance of the mouth and vocal mask
Grave 
solemn, with dignity
Grazioso
graceful
Gruppo ad lib
a group of notes played or sung at the will or pleasure of the singer
Half-step-a semi-tone.
There are 12 half-steps in octave
Harmony
any collection of pitches as they sound simultaneously, or when pitches are in agreement
Interval
the relationship between two pitches, the distance between an upper and a lower pitch
Key
the pitch relationships that establish a tonal center
Key signature
sharps or flats at the beginning of each staff to indicate which pitches are to be raised or lowered from their natural state during the piece
Largo
very slow and broad
Leading tone
the seventh degree of the diatonic scale, when it is only a half-step below the tonic, gives the feeling of wanting to move up to the tonic
Ledger lines
lines written above or below the staff representing a continuation of the staff, used to indicate pitches above or below the staff
Leggiero
lightly
Lunga
a long pause that is determined by the performer or director
Major Scale
A diatonic scale where the half-steps fall between the third and fourth, and the seventh and octave
Marcato
marked, stressed 
Meter 
indicated bya time signature, can be simple or compound 
Mezzo
piano-medium soft
Misterioso
play or sing in a mysterious manner
Motif
a short musical idea or melodic theme, usually shorter than a musical phrase
Natural 
a note that is not affected by either a sharp or a flat, a natural sign cancels a previous sharp or flat
Niente
dying away to nothing
Octave 
an interval eight diatonic scale degrees a pitch. Two notes an octave apart have the same letter name, and form the most consonant interval possible.
Oratorio
large scale musical composition on a sacred subject
Pesante
heavy, ponderous
Perdendosi
gradually dying away, softer and slower
Phrase 
a single misical idea or element which is often defined by a repeated rhymic pattern or a melodic contour
Portamento 
a special manner of singing where the voice glideds from one tone to the next through all the intermediate pitches
Prestissimo
as fast as possible
Presto
very fast, faster than allegro
Primo
first or upper part
Rallentando
graduallyslowing down
Rubato
making the established pulse flexible by accelerating and slowing down the tempo, an expressive device
Sempre
always
Senza 
without
Sequence
the repetition of a phrase at different pitch levels using the same or similar intervals
Sforzando
strongly accented, forced
Simile
continue to perform in a similar manner
Sotto voce
Softly; with subdued sound; performed in an undertone
Staccato
detached, crisply played
Stringendo 
pressing forward, becoming faster and usually louder, in a hurrying manner
Strophic
describes a song where the stanzas are all sung to the same music
Subito 
suddenly, quickly
Tacet 
indicates that a particular voice or instrument is silent for an extened passage or movement
Tenuto
fully sustained, occasionally even a bit longer than the note value requires
Tessitura
most widely used range of pitches in a piece of music
Tonic
the key center, the foundation of a scale or melody
Vivace
lively, briskly