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| return to the original tempo after some deviation |
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symbol used to raise or lower a given pitch by 1 or 2 semi-tones, or to cancel
a previous sign or part of a key signature |
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| to the end, generally used after a repetition |
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a tempo marking indicating quick double time; i.e. 2/2 instead of 4/4 with the
half note rather than the quarter note as the beat |
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slowing of tempo, usually with increasing volume; most
frequently occurs toward the end of a piece. |
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| slightly slower than allegro, often implying lighter texture and character as well |
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| once more, but a little slower |
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| rather slow, at a moderate walking pace |
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a self-contained composition for solo voice, usually with instrumental
accompaniment and usually found within the context of an opera, oratorio or
cantata |
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the notes of a chord played in succession to one another, rather than
simultaneously; a broken chord |
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a composed song in which the text, melody, and accompaniment,
are interrelated to create a unified effect. |
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| music that lacks a tonal center; absence of key |
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| raised or enlarged. Generally refers to the raising of a pitch by one half-step |
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a style of singing characterized by lyricism, legato, pure vowels, and freedom
of production which originated in Italy during the so called “Golden Age of
Singing” (1685-1825). berceuse – a lullaby |
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| an improvised or written-out ornamental passage performed by a soloist usually near the final cadence |
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| a short or partial breath to renew lung supply quickly |
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| congregational song or hymn of the German Protestant Church, originally for the entire congregation to sing |
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| 3 or more pitches sounded simultaneously or functioning as if sounded simultaneously |
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motion by half steps; also describes harmony or melody that employs some
of the sequential 12 pitches (semi-tones) in an octave |
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| repeat from the beginning of the composition |
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lowered, or reduced; generally refers to the lowering of a pitch
chromatically by one half step |
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| performers singing the same part are divided to sing different parts. |
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| sweetly, usually also softly |
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| the degrees of loudness in a musical work |
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| ornamentation added to music to make it more beautiful or effective, or to demonstrate the abolities of the performer |
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| focused tone; a tone with major frontal resonance of the mouth and vocal mask |
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| a group of notes played or sung at the will or pleasure of the performer |
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| a semi tone. There are 12 half steps in an octave |
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| any collection of pitches as they sound simultaneously, or when pitches are in agreement |
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| the higher register of the singing voice |
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| the relationship between two pitches, the distance between and upper and a lower pitch |
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| the pitch relationships that establish a tonal center |
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| sharps or flats at the beginning of each staff to indicate which pitches are to be raised or lowered from their natural place during the piece |
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| the seventh degree of a diatonic scale, when it is only a half step below the tonic, gives the feeling of wanting to move up a half step to the tonic |
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| melodic motion from one pitch to another that is more than a whole tone away |
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| lines written above or below the staff representing a continuation of the staff, used to indicate pitches above or below the staff |
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| smooth, connected and heavy |
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| a long pause that is determined by the performer (director) |
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| a diatonic scale where the half steps fall between the third and fourth, and the seventh and the octave |
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| play or sing in a mysterious manner |
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| or short musical idea or melodic theme, usually shorter than a musical phrase |
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| a note that is not affected by either a sharp or a flat, a natural sign cancels a previous sharp or flat |
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| any means of writing down music, usually indicating pitch, duration, timbre, and loudness |
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| an interval eight diatonic scale degrees above it. Two notes an octave apart have the same letter name, and form the most consonant interval possible |
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| a single musical idea or element, which is often defined by a repeated rhythmic pattern or melodic contour |
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| special manner of singing where the voice glides from one tone to the next through all the intermediate pitches |
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| very fast, faster than allegro |
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| slowing down; the same as ritardando |
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| making the established pulse flexible by accelerating and slowing down the tempo, an expressive device |
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| the repetition of a phrase at different pitch levels using the same or similar intervals |
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| strongly accented, forced |
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| continue to perform in a simmilar manner |
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| softly; with subdued sound; performed in an undertone |
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| detatched; crisply played |
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| pressing; becoming faster; hurrying |
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| describes a song where the stanzas are all sung to the same music |
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indicated that a particular voice or instrument is silent for an
extended passage or movement |
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| fully sustained, occasionally even a bit longer than the note value requires |
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| the sign placed at the beginning of a composition to indicate its meter |
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| the key center, the foundation of a scale or melody |
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