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| scornful term applied to the music of country fiddlers
coined by Ralph Peer |
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began as a radio show; originally in the Ryman auditorium; moved to Opryland later; used to be believed that if you had performed at the Opry you had made it in country music.
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in the nashville floods earlier in the 2000’s, they saved the circle of the original ryman stage thats on the new stage; |
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| reversed the country pattern from instrumental with vocal solos to vocal with instrumental solos;
huge opry star for like 50 years |
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| The Bristol Sessions
Victor Records talent scouts; he was looking for more blues singers in the south when he came across rural white musicians and realized there was a market for this;
coined the term hillbilly music
scouted The Carter Family and Jimmie Rodgers |
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Sarah, AP, Maybelle (guitar)
“Keep on the sunny side” “I’ll fly away”
1st to put music into a traditional song format
typified the close conservative family |
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June Carter Cash’s momma
most important guitar plater in music history. played with the Carter scratch by using her fingernails on guitar strings to play melody and chords at the same time
also played autoharp |
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| 1st big solo star; called him the “blue yodeler”
enunciated his stuff |
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| a rapid alternation between full voice and falsetto |
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| accents on 2 and 4 instead of 1 and 3 |
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| hillbilly/ old time music and religious country music |
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| The Ballad of Casey Jones |
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| the father of bluegrass who played mandolin |
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| a virtuosic instrumental style rooted in mountain music |
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| banjo player who played with 3 finger style
thumb and first two |
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| played bluegrass guitar with Earl Scruggs |
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| wood body resonator guitar with a metal cover plate over the sound hole and an aluminum cone for amplification |
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| guitarist, was head of nashville division of RCA records; |
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| songs that you record that ain’t yours |
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western music with a country flavor;
includes: western swing, honky-tonk, and cowboy songs |
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| the texas swing band style, influenced by Mexican and Hawaiian sounds and by jazz |
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| real life lyrics that was more intended for listening than dancing
Texas |
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| america’s first confessional singer and songwriter who wrote about his real life experiences; used lots of steel guitar;
“Your Cheatin Heart” |
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| America’s first singing cowboy movie star
“silver haired daddy of mine”
some yodel |
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| hawaiian invention of loosening guitar strings and playing by fingering that allowed for new resonance |
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| mini guitar with 4 strings |
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| a country music of cajuns;
vibrant, lighthearted, often with a dance beat |
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| rock flavored black Cajun style of country music
“That was your mother”- Paul Simon |
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| “Crazy” “Walkin’ After Midnight” |
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| “It Wasn’t God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels” |
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| “The Pill” “Coal Miner’s Daughter” |
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| Duh. started with traditional ballads and gospel songs;
soprano; |
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| serious? what could he want to know? |
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| mixes folk, bluegrass, country, and rock |
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| background in Mexican and Spanish music; |
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| brought honest vocal style that accepted and showcased his southern drawl |
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| Announcer and General manager of the WSM Barn Dance which later became the Grand Ole Opry |
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| Founder of honky-tonk who embraced idea of everyday life;
added electric guitar |
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| country rock records that actually found more favor with blacks than with whites
Rocking R&B + hillbilly music |
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| Rockabilly boy who sings “Great Balls of Fire”
married 13 year old cousin
realized no such thing as bad press
recorded songs that he knew would get banned from the radio |
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| popular music intended for a black audience |
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| Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton |
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| well known R & B performer |
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| featured high falsetto voices, smooth harmonies, and subtle rhythmic backgrounds sung to nonsense syllables |
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| radio guy that played more R&B on his show ; coined term rock and roll |
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| popular music of the mid 50s to mid 60s’ that combined characteristics of rhythm and blues and country-western music |
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| Bill Haley and His Comets |
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| country group that infused R & B with their music
“Rock around the clock” |
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| duck walk; early black star of rock and roll;
“School Days” “Johnny B Goode” |
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| describing the relaxed California lifestyle about sun fun and the beach |
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| one of the members of the Beach Boys who lead the group and had the lead vocal with the falsetto voice |
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| kings of surfing music
falsetto used
“I Get Around” |
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| formed Motown Records; wanted to level the musical and racial playing field; wrote many songs including “Money (That’s what I want)”
Bought a house and called it “Hitsville USA”
Worked with Smokey Robinson and the Miracles and The Jackson Five |
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| a highly successful black company that recorded, published, and sponsored black popular music |
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| British super group with: George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney and John Lennon
appeared on the Ed Sullivan show; always evolving musically; “I Want to Hold Your Hand”
Beatle Mania! |
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| father of gospel music
turned from blues after a tragedy and began writing the gospel blues |
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| “Down By the Riverside”
gospel singer |
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| blind piano playing bad ass; added highly secular lyrics to gospel hits
“I Got a Woman” “Hit the Road Jack” |
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| a fervent emotional black style rooted in the blues and gospel |
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| the queen of soul and Lady soul
if you get this wrong, go to bed, you’re a delusional idiot |
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| godfather of soul
never had a number one hit;
contributor in the creation of funk |
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| Papa’s got a brand new bad |
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| began as a new expression of black consciousness that was rooted in soul with lyrics often referring to specifically interracial issues
some say james brown helped create it
major proponents: Sly and the family stone; Commodores; earth wind and fire
had unpredictable harmonies and musical experimentation
“Brick House” and “Shining Star” |
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| a collective term encompassing many styles of popular music that evolved from and succeeded rock and roll |
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| music that attempts to evoke the sensations experienced by a person on LSD |
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| sang psychedelic rock with a blues passion; “Me and my Bobby McGee” |
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probably the greatest guitar player in the history of the world
he loved to experiment and exploit the guitar |
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| new style of rock and roll that was intended to be challenging and almost scary |
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| overly sexual heavy-metal rockers |
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| heavy metal who used scratchy scary ominous vocals |
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| helped come up with the term heavy metal; “Born to be wild”
Lip-sync on Ed Sullivan show because he had to |
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| amazing guitar player who featured drummers and drum solos; used those latin percussion instruments with long breaks for them to showcase |
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| woman lead singer– Grace Slick |
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| banned from the Ed Sullivan show |
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| combined african elements with rock; 1st popular in England and then came to the US;
protest music
BOB Marley! |
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| British Invasion Examples |
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| Rolling Stones
The Who
The Beatles |
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| 1st big artist to be signed by Barry Gordy Jr. |
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| signed by Barry Gordy Jr. “I Want you back”
bringing rock to an even wider audience |
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| socially conscious movement popular in the 1960’s relating country music and mainstream pop |
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| never a part of the country music establishment
“I Walk the Line”
Strong ties to rockabilly he still had a rock and roll audience as well |
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| used music as a vehicle for change and lyrics that protested things.
“This land is your land”
had a guitar that says “This machine kills fascists”
model for bob dylan |
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| played banjo
sings “Barbara Allen” and “Shenandoah” |
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| aka leadbelly
gifted black blues singer and songwriter
the one discovered in jail! and didn’t want to be stereotyped |
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| like john lomax, collected songs and discovered leadbelly |
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| folk singer who silenced woodstock with her song about a wrongfully executed boy |
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| lyrics had meaning; folk rock style; crowds originally rejected him using electric guitar; |
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| the addition of light rock effects to urban folk music |
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| expressing country concepts in progressive ways |
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| Formed the New Grass Revival |
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| a bluegrass style fusing elements of jazz, rock and blues |
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| Crosby Stills Nash and Young |
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| song about shooting Kent State University |
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| Crosby Stills Nash and Young |
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| song about shooting Kent State University |
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| Born in the USA album saved music from disco and electronic pop with lyrical significance
The boss |
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| female singer who has used conventions of blues rock and folk to write unconventional songs about her own most personal experiences |
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| jazz rock quartet with brass section and later a saxophone as well |
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| jazz rock; included rock musicians who incorporated jazz in their rock music |
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| promoted by the saturday night fever movie
music for dancing that had a lot of electronic instruments |
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| anti-pop music; intended to shock and annoy its audience |
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| sex pistols and the ramones |
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| a punk band strongly attracted to andy warhol |
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| professional writer of poetry, plays, and articles, who wrote angry gutsy lyrics; |
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| modern sound; edgy looking artists with more pop than punk sound
the police, the b52’s , the cars, talking heads |
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aka seattle sound
combined aggression of heavy metal with a melodic element reminiscent of the beatles |
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| led by Kurt Cobain
Grunge band |
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| house, techno, electro, nu-wave |
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| African American based culture derived from Jamaica, developed in the Bronx in the 70s
comprising breakdancing, graffiti, writing, DJing and rap |
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| earliest DJs and a founder of hip hop |
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| a technique developed by jamaican disc jockeys of rapid patter talking over the sound of spinning records |
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| Like a Virgin album
helped level the playing field for the female artist
business savvy; called her own shots in her music |
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| King of Pop!
worked with Quincy Jones; Thriller album
lots of genres in his music; considered music videos to be mini movies |
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| Twisted Sister’s D Snider vs Tipper Gore |
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| Parents Music Resource Center started the whole parental warning bull shift. |
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| 3 Popular Show Types pre-broadway |
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| comedy, dancing, strippers |
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| music with a theme, pretty girls, and awesome costumes |
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| Staged by Florenz Ziegfeld; “Glorification of the American Girl”
Worked with Irving Berlin
“A Pretty girl is like a melody” |
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| shows with an integrated plot- a story told in song, in spoken dialogue, or in some combination of the two |
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| Light opera
shorter than opera with lighter subjects; solo singer with orchestra from europe |
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| ridiculed politics, manners, society in rhyming multisyllabic words that delight audiences and stimulate imitation in every kind of humorous entertainment |
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| wrote british comic operettas including the HMS Pinafore |
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| music comedy (statue of this man in NYC) triple threat performer that wrote things he could star in. wrote america’s first musical comedy- Little Johnny Jones
“Give My Regards to Broadway” |
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| gaudy, boisterous productions barely held together by a thin excuse for a story |
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| Give my regards to broadway |
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| in competition with Ziegfeld; got George Gershwin; “Somebody Loves Me”
Set design began here with “Stairway to Paradise” |
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| black people started in on these after the Civil War |
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| concert violinist who wrote much music for popular black shows |
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| worked with Eubie Blake on Shuffle Along |
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| star in Paris theaters; starred in Shuffle Along when it opened |
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| Showboat
changed the course of musical theater in America; used an integrated plot that actually focused on the story because it was based on a novel |
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| Irving Berlin in Broadway |
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| “Watch Your Step” and “Annie Get Your Gun” |
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| George Gershwin in Broadway |
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| Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart |
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| “On Your Toes”
integrated the choreographer in the work |
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| Oklahoma!
“South Pacific” |
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| “The Music Man” with the song 76 trombones |
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| Sondheim, Leonard Bernstein, and Jerome Robbins
ensemble scenes, choreographed fight scenes
basically kick ass |
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| composer who wrote Guys and Dolls |
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| Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe |
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| Brigadoon, Paint Your Wagon, Gigi, Camelot, and My Fair Lady |
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| basically the coolest man of all time
did the music for west side story, candide, wonderful town
pianist, conductor, composer |
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| composer who is amazing;
Follies; Forum; A little night music; sweeney; assassins; company |
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| intellectually challenging and morally weighty that treated controversial subjects and intentionally left audiences wondering about the shows meaning |
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| large casts and extravagant set designs and breathtaking effects; |
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| Cats
Sunset Blvd.
Evita
Joseph
Phantom of the Opera
Jesus Christ Superstar |
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| combine music, dance, drama, and special effects |
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| songs that are more memorable and time stands still during these |
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| George Gershwin’s folk opear
“I got plenty of nothin” |
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| created an opera for TV called Amani and the night visitors
also did chamber opera
helped bring the spoleto festival |
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| certain sounds associated with certain motions (think roadrunner) |
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| all the songs for a movie |
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| source music or diagetic music |
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| characters can hear this on the screen
think save the last dance audition scene |
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| functional or non-diagetic music |
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| music that only the audience can hear
think scary movies |
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| horror movie electronic instrument
ghostbusters scene |
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| score of existing music for a composer to base the new music off of |
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| popular music with maybe some original pieces on a soundtrack |
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| classical hollywood film scores |
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| lush orchestral score particularly associated with films between the thirties and fifties |
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| wrote the score for Citizen Kane and Psycho |
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| film composer who wrote for Jaws, Jurassic Park, Indiana Jones, Superman, ET, Saving Private Ryan… oh and Star Wars
basically the bomb.com of movie music composers |
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| tones lying half way between the half steps on a major or minor scale |
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| king of rock and roll
hips that swing; early style was rockabilly; played simple chords on guitar but could he sing?!
credited the original writers of his songs and never lied about being a cover artist; sang with vibrato
also an actor |
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| at the ed sullivan theater
variety show that introduced youth to countless rock stars; representative of the generation gap |
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| Buddy Holly and the Crickets |
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| “Peggy Sue”
Stated the idea of a rock band because they were 21 and he played a fender strat
their plane crash inspired the song “American Pie” |
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| guitar player who played R&B |
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| very innovative “Tutti Frutti” |
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| American Bandstand
promoted the “teen idols” as all american kids that would be okay to bring home to the family |
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| Al Gore’s wife who Dee Snider said had a dirty mind |
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| kick ass lead singer of twisted sister |
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| founded sugar hill records and started to get the radio to play hip hop music |
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| rooted in the early talking blues of Mississippi to relate to the people that motown wasn’t reaching |
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| “the message” by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five |
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| 1st rap song on the radio |
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| rappers delight by the sugar hill gang |
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| huge in the rap world and helped make it nationwide with their raising hell album; 1st identifiable rapper look
walk this way with aerosmith that brought rap under the rock umbrella |
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| gamelan gong kebjar: “Hudjan Mas” or “golden Rain” |
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| fanfare for the common man |
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| music for string ensemble |
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| afro-american symphony, third movement, humor |
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| ensembles for synthesizers |
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| electronic synthesizer music |
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| experimental choral music |
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| large ensemble with several voices singing different vocal parts |
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| composer who was influenced by civil war songs |
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| used words for their sounds rather than their meanings |
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| wrote a plotless opera called Einstein on the Beach |
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| explored new sounds through the uses of bi-tonality, poly-tonality, poly-rhythms, and micro-tones
“Variations on America” |
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| tones in between the keys |
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| explored new musical sounds through “piano experiments”
used tone clusters
“Tides of Mananaun” and “The Banshee” |
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| participated in the development of America’s first electronic synthesizers by working with Princeton and Columbia universities
“Ensemble for Synthesizers” |
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| explored the use of voices in abstract ways |
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| the most influential of all the experimental composers; involved in many musical experiments including aleatory music (or chance music), the prepared piano and “silence”
4’33”
“In the name of the holocaust” |
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| organist, French, worked with young musicians |
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| developed a characteristic style of formal concert music inspired by folk, jazz, and cowboy music and early American hymns; “Rodeo” “Fanfare for the common man”
pieces were originally modern dance pieces |
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| emphasized lyrical melodies, dissonant harmonies, beauty, and emotion
adagio for strings |
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| created beautiful orchestral works that reflected the african american experience in the us |
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| a brief, dramatic phrase or piece for brass and perhaps percussion instruments with the character of an announcement or celebration |
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| formal dance that dramatizes a story |
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| makes no radical departures from styles and conceptions of earlier music |
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| music has a nineteenth century melodic, harmonic, and expressive characteristics |
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| movement of the 20s in which black painters, sculptors, poets, playwrights, musicians, and writers broke from convention to promote racial advancement through artistic creativity |
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| allowed players to slide through a range of pitches, unlimited by frets or keys |
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| select out high and low ranges of sound |
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Total serialism
serialization
serial technique |
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| application of the 12 tone technique to other aspects of the composition, which may also be arranged into series and repeated systematically |
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| almost all aspects of a composition change from one performance to another |
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