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comic opera from 1700, not about gods or heroes, and featuring characters from different social classes
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haydn and mozart
has ensembles
buffo characters
buffo patter
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based on story of great lover and libertine don juan
‘dark comedy’; niether wholly dramatic or comedic
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| Mozarts way of writing opera |
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opera buffa
ensembles are very key to drama
many characters, with different social classes
action happens in ensembles
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piece in opera where there are more than one singer
help move along the drama
setiments are presented more quickly and vividly
dont have to wait for entire aria for feeling to be shown
made opera much more dramatic
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| purely comedic character, ususally of lower social class |
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| style of singing in opera buffo, short, quick notes with one syllable per note |
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wagners name for his version of opera
encompassed poetry, art, drama, philosophy
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| Wagners method of writing an opera |
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orchestra equals all drama
leitmotif
endless melody,music is accompanying all throuhout the whole opera
plot and dialogue have orchestra playing
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sequence of 4 operas that make up a music drama, composed by wagner
the valkyrie: the second of the four
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| wagners idea about how an opera encompasses all arts, distinction for him between his music drama and opera |
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dramatic- emotional themes that make up wagners music dramas
guiding motive: associatd with person, thing, symbol in opera and are reoccuring, guide listener through the opera
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| wagners term for method of creating long stretches of un resolving music throughout opera, and leitmotives |
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system of harmony in which one pitch or group of pitches is heard more than others
cenral tonal chord, key throughout
homing toward a central pitch
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no sense of central pitch or harmony, no tonal center can be heard
dissonant
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wagner famous chord, signifies lack of resolution
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| emancipation of dissonance |
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schoenberg idea that bad sounding dissonace are gradually accepted over time and making music more dissonant then wont need resolution and that resolution would be a slightly less dissonant sounding piece
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leading expressionist in music, breakdown of tonality
sprechstimme
night
moonfleck
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schoenberg, berg, webern
based on serial 12 note chromatic scale
atonal music
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kind of declaration half way between singing and speaking
night and moonfleck
schoenberg
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funeral march
romantic nostalgia
symphony is entire world
frere jacuqes, march
dance
trio
march
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impressionist music
flashes of tone color focused on shades of sound
sonority, parallel chords
no functional harmony-but is tonal
lack of tune, tonality is clouded
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there are audible rles about how harmonies relate to eachother
debusy doesnt focus on these but focuses on quality of sound of the pieece and each instrument
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all voices move in parellel, building on identical chord on a successin of different pitches
texture: overlapping, between strings and winds
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| focus on quality of sound rather than functional harmonies |
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his opera, he was a student of schoenbergs at 2nd viennese school
expressionism
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| serial, 12 note composition |
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based on schoenbergs style of composition
12 note chromatic scale
based on sets
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| traditional melodies and words passed from generation to gen by oral tradition |
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ballets, ballet russe
rite of spring-3rd composition
based on rhythm, movement and dance, wild unrestrained dissonance
provacative
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stravinsky, violent and dissonant
caused riot almost was so provacative on stage
and violent
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music for strings, percussion, and celesta
hungarian folk music, earthy dissonant feel
nationalist
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rockstrewn hills
polytonal
marching bands, hymns, ragtime
american nationalism, primitivist
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use of several tonal systmes and keys at once
ives: uses all very tonal music, puts them togethers sound slightly atonal, but polytonal
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pictures at an exhibition
russian nationalist
wanted to bring russian painting to music
paintings by hartmann
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Aida:romantic, love triangle
very focused on human voice
orchestra part of his operas, not vey strong in duets and arias
dramatic-orchestra moves singers along and plot
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