| Beethoven’s early works are considered what? |
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| Beethoven’s middle and later works are considered what? |
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| Who did Beethoven study under? |
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| What did Beethoven do to classic forms |
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| he stretched the limits of them |
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| What did beethoven struggle with |
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| what did beethoven do that was unusual |
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| made multiple drafts of his works |
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| describe beethoven’s symphonies |
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greater complexity and emotional range
considered a masterpiece |
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| Describe the theme for beethoven’s symphony #5 |
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the theme is motivic
symbolizes struggle |
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| what influence does beethoven’s symphony #5 have |
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classic
follows question and answer format |
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| what is the overall mood of beethoven’s symphony # 5 |
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| serious and dramatic in minor key |
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| describe the first movement of beethoven’s symphony #5 |
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sonata form
music restates itself |
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| describe the 4th movement of beethoven’s symphony #5 |
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ends triumphantly in major key
overall romantic aesthetic |
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| when was the romantic period |
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| what was the goal for romantic artists |
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| what is the tempo for romantic music |
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| describe the beat for romantic music |
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| when was the metronome invented |
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| describe the rhythm of romantic music |
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| more complex than classic |
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| describe the dynamics for romantic music |
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| describe the melodies for romantic music |
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| often have a surging or yearning quality, lyrical |
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| describe the harmony for romantic music |
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| composers created new chords and resolutions for more dramatic expression |
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| describe miniature scale genres |
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| what scale of music did beethoven use |
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| a german art song from the 1800s |
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| what timbres are in a lieder |
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| opera trained singer in partnership with a pianist |
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| what scale genre is a lieder in |
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| what is the lieder music set to |
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| poetry, to enhance the text |
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wrote more than 600 lieder songs
1797-1828
wrote the erkling |
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virtuoso pianist who was extremely talented
1782-1840 |
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| what was a key feature in romantic music |
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| most of frederic chopin’s music did what |
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written for solo piano
influenced by paganini
emphasize on rubato
long lyrical melodies |
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| wrote early italian operas that are standard repertoire for opera houses |
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| what did many of puccini’s operas involve |
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| an artist falls in love with a women who dies at the end of the story from an illness |
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| what modern play is based off la boheme |
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1803-1869
french composer
wrote symphony fantastique |
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| what did hector berlioz do |
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worked with large orchestra
explored the sound of new instruments
explored new instrument combos never heard before |
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| act of combining 2 tone colors in an orchestra |
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| what does orchestration allow for |
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| increased range of dynamic contrast |
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| music based off something outside the music, like a story |
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| describe the story of symphony fantastique |
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| based off berlioz admiration for harriet smithson, he was upset she didnt like him, in the story the artist has a failed suicide |
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| what did symphony fantastique contain |
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| singular melody in all 5 movements called an idee fixee |
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| describe the 1st 3 movements of symphony fantastique |
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| depicts positive view of the girl |
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| describe the 4th movement of symphony fantastique |
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| artist imagines girl as being unfaithful, kills her, and hes executed |
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| describe the 5th movement of symphony fantastique |
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artist is in hell
gregorian chant melody called dies irae is introduced |
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| many composers in the 20th century did what |
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| exerted energy toward independance |
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| where did many 20th century artists gather |
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paris
then ww2 forced many to the U.S. |
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french style, reacted to increasingly emotional german art
objects suggested as impressions instead of realistic |
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| who were the main composers for impressionistic music |
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| claud debussy and maruice ravel |
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| describe impressionist music |
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musical statement replaced by musical suggestion
harmony and melody used pentatonic and whole tone scales instead of major/minor |
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| what strongly influenced debussy’s music |
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| what are gamelans made up of |
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| mostly percussion instruments |
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| who wrote the sunken cathedral |
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| describe the sunken cathedral |
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piano solo
basic idea: a cathedral rises each morning to remind people of their sins then sinks back |
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| what were the 3 early 20th century art styles |
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| impressionism, primitivism, expressionism |
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primitivism composer
russian born, forced to leave and went to paris |
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| what were igor stravinksy’s 3 important works |
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firebird 1910
petroushka 1911
rite of spring 1913 |
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| which of stravinksy’s ballets captivated their audiences |
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the first 2
firebird
petroushka |
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| what happened to rite of spring’s initial audience |
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the work shocked them
they made so much noise dancers couldnt hear music |
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| what was the opinion on rite of spring after its premiere |
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it was embraced as one of the most important works of the 20th century
featured in disney film fantasia |
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| how is rite of spring performed today |
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as a symphonic work without dancers
original coreography is difficult to perform |
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| describe the dance in rite of spring |
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angular movements
difficult to perform |
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| describe the rhythm of rite of spring |
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| noticeably driving and complex |
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| describe the meter of rite of spring |
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| continually changing and shifting |
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| describe the harmony of rite of spring |
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| extremely dissonant, resolves to more dissonance |
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| describe the melody for rite of spring |
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| short rhythmic layered melodies, not lyrical |
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| highly emotional art that often portrayed the frustration, terror, and guilt suffered by humanity during the tortured period around the 2 world wars |
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| what did expressionistic artists want for the audience |
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| to directly experience the artistic expression of exaggerated and disturbed emotions |
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| who were the main expressionistic composers |
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| arnold schoenberg, anton webern, alden berg |
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| what work did vincent van gogh create |
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painting
the starry night
stars painted in swirling colors and potent expression
unrealistic and disturbed perceptions |
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| what work did edvard munch create |
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painting
the scream
central figure has head clasped in hands with eyes and mouth open in horror |
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| music with no gravitational pull towards a tonal center |
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| how was atonal music revolutionary |
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| nothing about it resembled traditional tonal music |
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| describe atonal music melodies |
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| virtually impossible to sing or recognize, partly due to wide interval leaps |
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| describe atonal music harmony |
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| high dissonance resolves to dissonance. chords were not built on major or minor triads |
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| describe the rhythm of atonal music |
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| no clear or obvious pulse |
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| what did schoenberg create to further his music atonality |
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| what was the main goal of 12 tone music |
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| give all 12 pitches of the chromatic scale equal attention to avoid gravitational pull to any one pitch |
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| what did 12 tone composers do |
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| put the 12 pitches of a chromatic scale in a new order called a row |
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| what was the main rule of 12 tone music |
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| no 1 pitch can be repeated until the other 11 sounded in the order established by the composer |
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| once a musical row was stated in 12 tone music it could be changed how |
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tansposed
reversed
inverted |
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| what piece did anton webern right which adopted 12 tone technique |
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| five pieces for orchestra |
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| what happened to shcoenberg during ww2 |
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migrated to U.S.
taught his composition at universities |
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| what happened after schoenberg taught his composition in the U.S. |
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| it became the establishment mode of writing music in the university system |
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| what was minimalism reacting to |
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evolutionary 20th century style
because it is tonal |
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| who were the early minimalist composers |
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| steve reich, philip glass, terry riley |
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tonal
strong rhythmic pulse
involves the repetition of a minimum of music |
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| what musical process was used in minimalism |
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| minimalistic music is used in what |
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many films
some progressive rock styles |
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| when 2 or more voices/instruments play the same melody but start at different times |
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| describe steve reich’s music in his piano phase |
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2 pianos play the same melody
one speeds up while other stays same tempo
continue same melody but at staggered times |
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| what keyboard instruments were used in “music for 18 musicians” |
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| what percussion instruments were used in “music for 18 musicians” |
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3 marimbas
2 xylophones
2 vibraphones |
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| what woodwind instruments were used in “music for 18 musicians” |
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| what string instruments were used in “music for 18 musicians” |
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| describe the voices used in “music for 18 musicians” |
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4 women’s voices
perform like the instruments |
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| describe movement 1 symphony 5 |
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simpsons at 10
music restates
sonata form |
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similar to first
slower
simpsons at 10 |
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faster than 3rd
very triumphant
star wars sounding |
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| symphonie fantastique sounds like |
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builds up and down rapidly
almost like cartoon background |
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opera singers
clanging cymbals |
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| paganini caprice sounds like |
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very fast violin solo
choppy |
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very fast piano
sounds like goin side to side on keys
rubato |
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| chopin nocturn sounds like |
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slower lovey dovey piano
rubato |
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ominous
piano but sounds like organ
slow |
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sounds like jaws
lots of violin |
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minimalist
piano repeats phrase
canon |
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| minimalist, repeating, sounds jazzy |
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repeating phrase
very clear beat |
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