Ancient Period

800BC – 475AD

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Dominated by the greeks and romans

We don’t know what this music sounded like

Doctorine of Ethos

Important Figure: Pythagorus

Medieval Period
475-1450
Dominated by the church
Gregorian Chant developed
Motet Developed
Important figures: Hildegard, Leonin, Perotin
Renaissance Period
1450=1600
Humanism
Motet became simpler-easier to understand
Madrigal developed
Important Figures: Palestrina, Leonardo Da Vinci, Weelkes
Baroque Period
1600-1750
Music grows to grandiose dimensions
Patronage system developed
Major/minor keys developed
Composers wrote huge amounts of music (figured bass)
Important Figures: Back, Handel, Monteverdi
Classical Period
1750-1820
Centered around Vienna
Music has a “cool” detached quality (intellect over emotion)
The symphony is developed
Development becomes an important feature in music (sonata form)
Important Figures: Mozart Haydn, Beethoven
Romantic Period
1820-1900
Music tends toward the extreme(often big dramatic and emotional)
Duel Personality: fascination with the grotesque but also with beauty
Program Music
Solo Piano tradition
Important figures: Wagner, Brahms, Mahler
20th Century
1900-2000
Tonal system breaks down
Serialism (tone row music)
Aleatory Music
Minimalism
Important Figures: Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Copland
Whole Note
worth 4 beats in common time
Half Note
worth 2 beats in common time
Quarter Note
worth 1 beat in common time
Eighth Note
worth half one beat in common time
Sixteenth Notes
worth a quarter of one beat in common time
Scale
a series of pitches that proceeds upwards or downwards according to a prescribed pattern
Chord
The simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches
Meter
the pattern of the beats
Tempo
speed of the beats
Time Signature
Two numbers (one above the other) at the beginning of a section of music that indicate the metrical pattern and how it is notated
Common Time
four beats per measure
Treble Clef
Used for higher pitched instruments
Largo
very slow tempo
Presto
very fast tempo
Measure
a group of beats marked as a separate unit in music notation (space between two vertical lines in the staff)
Rhythm
the flow of music in terms of time
P Piano
soft
F Forte
Loud
Pitch
the high and low of the sounds
Beat
the music’s pulse
Doctorine of Ethos
The idea that music can influence a person’s character
Mass
symbloic re-enactment of the last summer
Polyphony
multiple lines of music sounding at once
Cantus Firmus
section of gregorian chant used in a motet
secular
not of the church
Aria
a style of singing that covers its text expressively, usually in a economical and direct way
Opera
a drama set to music in which the lines of text are sung with orchestral accompaniment
Recitative
an unaccompanied solo song, usually of some length and complexity, in an opera, oratorio, or cantata
Terraced Dynamics
abrupt changes in levels of loudness
oratorio
a sizable work for chorus, soloists and orchestra, usually on a religious topic, that is performed without acting
Cantata
a brief vocal composition in several movements for solo voices, chorus and orchestra, usually based on a religious text
chorus
a section of an opera, oratorio or cantata sung by a large group
Patronage
system in which a composer is financially supported primarily by a single employer
Figured Bass
shorthand system of numbers and accidentals used for indicating chords
Chorale
a stately hymn tune used in the German Lutheran Church
Symphony
a large multi-movement work for orchestra
Exposition
the first major section in a sonata form
Development
The second major section in sonata form
Recapitulation
the third and final major section in a sonata form
Sonata Form
the form of the first movement of a symphony
Rondo Form
ABACADAE…
Concert
a work for a soloist and orchestra
Sonata
a work for soloist and piano
Piano Trio
a work, for solo instrument, piano and cello
Movement
a large independent section of an instrumental composition
Program Music
music created for a program, telling a story
Character Pieces
free form, like improvations, convey a mood
Virtuoso Pieces
showy, tone of notes, really fast, no emotion, repeated themes
Art Song
music for piano and solo vocalist, musical setting or a poem
Absolute Music
music created for music
Tone Row Music
a composition based on a row of pitches that contains each of the 12 tones
Serialism
application of the principles of tone row music to elements such as dynamics and articulation
Aleatory Music
music in which some or all events are the product of change
Eclecticism
practice of combining what the composer believes to be the best features of several different styles
Neoromanticism
music that incorporates elements of romantic music but with modern elements mixed in
Primitivism
music that seeks to contain rhythmic power, inspired by the music of non-western, non-literate cultures
Neoclassicism
works that attempt to emulate the techniques and flavor of those composed during the classical period
Electronic Music
music in which the composer has “total control” because sounds are created through electronics
American Nationalism
music that celebrated American pride during the middle of the 20th century
Minimalism
music in which a small amount of material is repeated with gradual changes over the course of composition
Third Stream
mixbetween classical music and jazz music
The Blues
expressed the emotions of African Americas at the turn of the century. Often structured in a 3 line form
Dixieland
first real jazz style, originated in New Orleans
Ragtime
pre Jazz style for the piano developed in the South as early as 1880
Ragtime
pre Jazz style for the piano developed in the South as early as 1880
Fusion
combination of Jazz and Rock
Latin Jazz
jazz influenced by the syncopated rhythms of the Caribbean South American cultures
Big Band Jazz
prominent in the 1930’s and 40’s, most was written not improvised, popular with mainstream audiences
Cool Jazz
calm style developed in the 1950’s, direct reaction to BeBop
Bebop
fast, virtuosic jazz style developed in the 40’s
Free Jazz
jazz with almost no predetermined parameters
Early Rock
1950’s
Chuck Berry, Elvis, Little Richard
Surf Rock
early 1960’s
southern California
Beach Boys
British Invasion
late 1960’s
Beatles, Ed Sullivan Show
Blues Rock
late 1960’s-70’s
Clapton, Led Zeppelin
Long expansive solos, blues flavor
Folk Rock
Late 60’s and 70’s
added electronics to an acoustic style
Dylan, Simon and Garfunkel
Psychedelic Rock
Late 60’s to 70’s
often LSD inspired, distortion and other effects
Hendrix, Grateful Dead,
Heavy Metal
late 1960’s
extra volume and intensity
Kiss, Steppenwolf
Progressive Rock
1970’s
art rock
Pink Floy, Zappa
Punk
70’s to 80’s
NY and London, anti-establishment
Ramones, the clash
Heartland Rock
Late 70’s
working class oriented
Springsteen, Petty
Dies Irae
anonymous
Medieval Period
600
Alleluia, Diffusa est gratia
Perotin
Medieval period
1190
Sicut Cervus
Palestrina
Renaissance
1577
As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending
Weelkes
Renaissance
1590
Cannon in D
Pachebel
Baroque
1680
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor
Bach
Baroque
1780
Symphony #40
Mozart
Classical
1788
Symphony #5 in C Minor, I
Beethoven
Classical
1808
Immolation Scene from Gotterdammerung
Wagner
Romantic
1874
Claire de Lune
Debussy
Romantic
1890
Rite of Spring
Stravinsky
Primitivism
Fanfare for the Common Man
Copland
American Nationalism
4’33”
Cage
Aleatory Music
Short Ride in a Fast Machine
Adams
Eclecticism
Basin Street Blues
Armstrong
Dixieland Jazz
Bebop
Parker
Bebop
Out to Lunch
Dolphy
Free Jazz
Chameleon
Hancock
Funk
Johnny B. Goode
Chuck Berry
Early Rock
Star Spangled Banner
Jimi Hendrix
Psychedelic Rock
Tommy
The Who
Progressive Rock
I Want to be Sedated
Ramones
Punk