fortissimo
very loud
forte
loud
mezzo forte
medium loud
mezzo piano
medium soft
piano
soft
pianissimo
very soft
crescendo
gradually getting louder
decrescendo
gradually getting softer
andante
moderately slow, walking speed
moderato
moderate speed
allegro
fast
allegretto
a little fast
vivace
lively
rallentando
slowing down
stringendo
pressing, becoming faster
a tempo
back to the original speed
divisi
parts are divided
a2
both parts play the same thing
solo
one player
tenuto
to hold
molto
very
non troppo
not too much
staccato
detached
sforzando
forced or loud
sforzando
forced or loud
order of flats
B E A D G C F
order of sharps
F C G D A E B
dynamics
how loud or soft to play
articulation
how you start and stop the sound with your tongue and air
Who composed “The Nutcracker” ?
Tchaikovsky