Middle Ages
400-1450
Renaissance Era
1450-1600
Baroque
1600-1750

Classical Era

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-Date

-Trends

-Elements

  • 1750-1825
  • emphasis on basic form, balance, and restraint, absolute music
  • regular rhythms and meter/homophonic texture/ singable/ folk elements

 

Absolute Music
not trying to describe anything
Symphony

a large work for orchestras

usually 3-4 movements

fastslow-[triple meter dance]-fast

Cadenza

a solo passage in the manner of imporvisation

“show off piece”

Rondo

-musical form

-first section recurs (as last movement)

Multimovement Cycle

(Sonata Cylce)

-3 or 4 movement structure of instrumental music

– Allegro/ Lyrical andante- dancelike/ allegro- vivace

Sonata-Allegro Form

-3 basic elements

Exposition: expresses the 2 themes

Development: changes thematic idea slightly

Recapitulation: recap of original themes in original key

Ludwig Von Beethoven

(German)–> Vienna

O patronage

young prodigy

sold music

deaf

9 symphonies

Franz Joseph Haydn

(Austria)–> Vienna

choir boy (got education)

court composer for Esterhazy family

104+ symphonies

**father of symphony, string quartet, piano/keybpard music

W.A. Mozart

(Austria)–> Vienna

O patronage

child prodigy- age 8

wrote music by ear

complicated personality

ability to change keys

Concerto

instrumental genre in 3 movements

fast-slow-fast

Romantic Period

-Date

-Characteristics

-Trends

 

-1820-1900

-emphasis on feeling and expression

Trends:

   -Nationalism

   -Folklore

   -Exoticism

   -Programmatic Music

Nationalism
music sounds like country its from
Folklore
stories passed down from family
Exoticism
Focus on strange things

Programmatic Music

 

Examples

depicting something specific

(imagergy through intrumentals)

-pictorial association

 

-Symphonie Fantastique

-Moldau

-Picture in and Exposition

Lied (Lieder)

art song

based on poems written by other people

-vocal song with paino accompaniment

Strophic Lied

 

-modified strophic

-repeating melody for ever verse of the text

 

modified: same melody for all verses minus the last

Through-Composed Lied
melody changes through the poem
Symphonic Poem
one movement programmatic work for orchestras
Johannes Brahms

(German) –> Vienna

-“romantic classicist”

traditional structure + romantic harmonic language

 

-absolute music (not programmatic)

Giuseppe Verdi

-master of Italian Opera style

-supported Italian independence

-Expressive/ emotional music

-lost wife&kids at early age, stopped writing for a while

Richard Wagner

 

-Leitmotif

-German Opera Master

-Self-taught (held independent ideas of operas)

-continuous music; elaborate

 

-Leit motif: used orchestra to tell story/ represent something

Ein Kleine Nachtmusik, Mvt. 1

 

-Composer

-Genre

-Period

-Mozart

-String Quartet

-Classical

Symphony 100 Mvt. 2 Military

-Composer

-Genre

-Period

-Haydn

-Symphony

-Classical

Symphony 100 Mvt. 2 Military

-Listening Characteristics

theme: three beats

instrumental

Moonlight Sonata

-Composer

-Genre

-Period

-Beethoven

-piano sonata

-Classical

Moonlight Sonata

-Characteristics

Soft

piano

instrumental

Erlking

-Composer

-Genre

-Period

-Schubert

-Lied

-Romantic

The Moldau

-Composer

-Genre

-Period

-Smetena

-Symphonic poem

-Romantic

Erlking

Characteristics

piano

german male soloist

The Moldau

-Characteristics

Flowing/ river imagery

grows in intensity w/ fluidity

instrumental