Bill Monroe
Father of bluegrass; Bill Monroe and the bluegrass boys (Kentucky) – name of genre; mandolin player; 40s
Bluegrass
acoustic style; all sang into one microphone; virtuosic playing – flashy solos (guitar/fiddle)
Clawhammer
style of banjo playing, originally from Africa; right-hand playing technique; taught person to person
Country and Western
western style injected into country music in 40s by Hank Williams
Dixie
song from minstrel shows; 1840s composed by Dan Emmett; sung in dialect
Earl Scruggs
the main bluegrass banjo player; NOT clawhammer style – 3 finger style named after him – Scruggs; not funny, very serious
Elevation of the banjo
late 1800s promoted by instrument companies to sell more at higher prices; 15-20 year fad; advertised gentle and classical style playing of the banjo
Grand Ol’ Opry
variety show on the radio in Nashville; made Nashville the center of country music
Hank Williams
most popular country musician ever; brought wester to country; died at 29 in the back of his car; no banjo in his music – revolutionized country; songwriter
Hillbilly
musicians; term came from marketing by record companies; taken from an earlier era (minstrel shows)
Jim Crow
character in all the minstrel shows who fell down and stumbled on his words; this character gave the name to Jim Crow Laws – legal racial segregation (similar to apartheid)
Minstelsy
popular shows in the 1800s (19th century) that parody black slave life
Nudie
taylor in Nashville; taylor to the stars – lavish suits
Stephen Foster
American composer – Way down upon the Swanee River and Ol Susanna; made living composing for minstrel shows; most well-known American composer
Tommy Jarrell
American fiddle and banjo player and singer from the Appalchian Mountain region; movie – Sprout Wings and Fly
XERA
1st major border radio station; selling junk medicine, but put country stars on it to attract attention (Jimmy Rogers)
Fiddlin’ John Carson
in 1923 he was the first commercial country recording – The Ol’ Hen She Cackled
Akonting
African banjo
Border Radio
south of the Mexian border; million watt radio station
AIM
American Indian Movement; post prominent in Red Power movement in 60s and 70s; raise awarness about plight of Indians
Drum Group
ensemble from Northern Plains; large drum; many men with one drumstick each, played in unison
Ghost Dance
emerged in the Great Basin (Eastern California) among Paiute; Woboka had a vision – people dance this then buffalo would come back, people would be united with their ancestors, white people would return to THEIR home, and ghost shirts would protect them and make bullets bounce off of them; example of diffusion – across north America because of the telegraph
Pan-Indian
something that crosses tribal lines (ghost dance, powwow)
Pine Ridge
South Dakota; largest Lakota reservation and lowest life expectancy in United States; very poor
Powwow
weekend long celebration – music and dance; “making relations” – increasing family and social network
Terraced Melodic Contour
AABCBC (first A-solo, second A-entire group)
Tom Bee
record producer for Lakota; played in rockband (XIT); his companies name is Sounds of America
XIT
Crossing of Indian Tribes; Tom Bee’s band
Vocable
sung solo, nonsense phrase
Waboka/Wavoka
Paiute shamen (shamen-“medicine man”); had the vision of the ghost dance