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| language of Aryans of Indo-European origins (Hindu) |
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| sacred causal sound; underlying foundation of all musical sound (Hindu) |
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| recited meditation and sacred utterance, vehicle of thought (h) |
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| devotional songs in various Indian languages and styles; loosely organized songs (h) |
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| custodians of vedas; highest caste; supreme being/truth (h) |
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| lower class religious text, very long; humanly created fifth veda; part of smrti (h) |
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| the four vedas; devine compositions (h) |
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| justice, faith, duty; religous and social obligations (h) |
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| devotion to God; devotional music cultivated through lineages (h) |
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| most orthodox division of Buddhism; make salvation attainable through monastism (b) |
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| reincarnation; pay for last life (b) |
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| order of monks/ disciples (b) |
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| apotropaic chants in theravada schools; spells used in ceremonies (b) |
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| ultimate reality, provisional and relative usefulness; found in Mahayana (b) |
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| hand symbols w/ isoteric meanings (b) |
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| fish-shaped musical instrument box; chinese instrument (b) |
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| offshoot of Mahayana; rigerous mental disciplines (b) |
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| bamboo flute (Japanese); importance lies in silence and space (b) |
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| path of becoming enlightened (b) |
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| ram’s horn instrument (j) |
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| hebrew; notation signs for language (j) |
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| learned singers of hymns (j) |
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| new form of metrical hymn for Sephardic Jews; created outside of the temple (non-sacred) (j) |
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| age 13; son of commandments; coming of age ceremony; ability to lead prayers (j) |
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| poet, musician, voluntary reader of ritual (j) |
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| spanish/Jewish Sephardic language (j) |
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| liturgical chanting; singing of scripture (j) |
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| modern form of Jewish tradition; more joyful worship of God |
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