Igor Stravinsky
1882-1971; 3 works before WWI Firebird Suite, Petrushka, Rite of Spring (ballets); changes meter often; driving rhythms; not so much on melody; meticulous; architect (of sound); used coronets not trumpets
Sergei Diaghilev
artistic director of Ballet Russe; discovered Stravinsky with the Firebird Suite
Vaslav Nijinsky
Ballet Russe dancer; Petrushka in its original production
biggest differences between modern and other periods
tonality and rhythm
Petrushka
Stravinsky’s second famous ballet; four tableaux; puppets
Arnold Schoenberg
1874-1951; Austrian; one of most important modern composers before WWI; began as Romantic, changed; 1st true atonal composer; expressionism; Erwartung; Pierrot Lunaire (used sprechstimme); experimental; 4 string quartets
expressionism
reaction to impressionism; “shriek of the soul”; portrayed inner emotions
Erwartung
Schoenberg opera for one singer; means “expectations”
Pierrot Lunaire
Schoenberg song cycle; uses “sprechstimme”
sprechstimme
“speaking voice” (used by Schoenberg)
string quartet
2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello (violoncello)
chamber music
1 person for each part; more for the performer than the listener
tessitura
range of a particular instrument
pedal point
note in bass held over other parts – always tonic or dominant
Schoenberg’s String Quartet No. 2
last tonal piece, ends in F# major chord; some consider it atonal
pizanti
heavy
allargando
louder and slower
dolente
pathetic
etwas
somewhat, rather
langsam(er)
slow(er)
mit dampfer
with mute
nicht zu rasch
not too quick
ruhig
calm
sehr
very
so stark wie moglich
as strong as possible
viel langsamer
much slower
viel rascher
much quicker/heavier