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the distrubution of sound energy throughout the audio frequency range
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Psychoacoustics is the study of subjective human perception of sounds
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the perception of the energy at each frequency
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when two sounds occur simultaneously and one sound is masked by the other
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amount of energy in the fundamental and overtones
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| amount of time that a tone is generated |
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reflected sound arriving later than the direct sound
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| louder sound will cancel softer sound when they are close in time |
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The maximum displacement of a periodic wave
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distinct and subtle sounds created by its environment
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the perceived fluxuation caused by phase cancellation between 2 tones leass than 20 Hz apart
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What are the Fletcher Munson Curves and what do they tell us?
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| equal loudness contours are the average response of the human ear to sound energy across the audible range |
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Overdriving an Amplifier can cause what three things?
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Non-Linear Distortion
Clipping
Creates Extra Harmonics
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What is the difference of a 10db change in a level as opposed to a 10db change in loudness
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10dB change in level is a measurable quantity
and
10 dB chnage in loudness is how we percieve it
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How does the presence of harmonics as opposed to a pure tone, affect the perception of the pitch?
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presence of harmonics make the pitch sound low
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Are changes in level easier to hear in softer or louder sounds? Higher or Lower frequencies?
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Changes in level are easier to hear in louder sounds and in higher frequencies.
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Cutting;
below 200Hz;
below 500Hz;
below 1000Hz
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;less body,emphasis on midrange,cuts on parts of bass
;less of midrange content, sound like radio
;nasally, brittle
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Cuttin above:
8kHz;
5kHz;
2kHz;
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;crispness and air is lost,doesn’t feel as lively and syballance lost
;midrange;muffled
;muffled consanance; low end emphasized
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Describe some effects of cutting on male and female voices.
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200Hz removes resonance
500Hz small speaker sound
1000Hz nasal quality
8khz sibillance
5kHz Clarity
2kHz muffles
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What change would you make, to what frequencies, to give music a “telephone” quality?
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place a bandpassed filter that ranges from 300Hz to 3kHz
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Why are noise bands used for masking?
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random distribution of energy across a range of frequencies more effective than pure tones
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How is frequency of beating determined?
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The numerical difference between the two frequencies
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| 2 Tones that are more than a critical bandwidth apart |
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| 2 Tones that are less than a critical bandwidth apart |
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| anytime there is 2 signals interfering w/ eachother |
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| The sound that we want ; Program Material |
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| All the sound we don’t want that interferes w anything in the program material |
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