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gradually increasing tempo

 

 

 

 

ad libitum

 

 

 

 

at pleasure, at will

 

 

 

 

adagio

 

 

 

 

slowly, usually conducted in divided meter

 

 

 

 

agogic accent

 

 

 

 

sustaining or stretching for accent, tension, or stress

 

 

 

 

allargando

 

 

 

 

becoming broader, slowing

 

 

 

 

allegretto

 

 

 

 

moderately fast

 

 

 

 

allegro

 

 

 

 

lively, brisk, rapid

 

 

 

 

andante

 

 

 

 

moderately slow, walking pace

 

 

 

 

andantino

 

 

 

 

a little slower than andante, but often used as meaning a little faster

 

 

 

 

assai

 

 

 

 

very

 

 

 

 

caesura

 

 

 

 

a break in the musical line //

 

 

 

 

cantabile

 

 

 

 

singing, or vocal style

 

 

 

 

cantando

 

 

 

 

singing, smooth, and flowing

 

 

 

 

con brio

 

 

 

 

with fire and dash

 

 

 

 

con moto

 

 

 

 

with motion

 

 

 

 

crescendo

 

 

 

 

increasing in loudness

 

 

 

 

diminuendo

 

 

 

 

becoming gradually softer

 

 

 

 

dolce

 

 

 

 

sweetly, softly

 

 

 

 

doppio valore

 

 

 

 

twice as slow

 

 

 

 

espressivo

 

 

 

 

expressively

 

 

 

 

fermata

 

 

 

 

hold, sustain for expressive tension

 

 

 

 

feroce

 

 

 

 

wildly, fiercely

 

 

 

 

forte

 

 

 

 

loud, strong

 

 

 

 

fortissimo

 

 

 

 

extremely loud

 

 

 

 

fuoco

 

 

 

 

 

 

with fire

 

 

 

 

grave

 

 

 

 

heavy, slow, serious

 

 

 

 

grazia

 

 

 

 

gracefully, elegantly

 

 

 

 

grazioso

 

 

 

 

gracefully, elegantly

 

 

 

 

ictus

 

 

 

 

point of beat

 

 

 

 

langsum

 

 

 

 

slow

 

 

 

 

larghetto

 

 

 

 

 

a little faster than largo

 

 

 

 

largo

 

 

 

 

very slow, broad, stately

 

 

 

 

legato

 

 

 

 

smooth, connected

 

 

 

 

leggiero

 

 

 

 

light, airy

 

 

 

 

lento

 

 

 

 

slowly

 

 

 

 

maestroso

 

 

 

 

majestic, dignified

 

 

 

 

marcato

 

 

 

 

“marked” with emphasis, heavy, usually separated

 

 

 

 

marcia

 

 

 

 

march style

 

 

 

 

meno

 

 

 

 

less

 

 

 

 

mezzo

 

 

 

 

half

 

 

 

 

moderato

 

 

 

 

moderate tempo

 

 

 

 

modere

 

 

 

 

moderate tempo

 

 

 

 

molto

 

 

 

 

very, much

 

 

 

 

mosso

 

 

 

 

movement

 

 

 

 

non troppo

 

 

 

 

not too much

 

 

 

 

nuance

 

 

 

 

shading, subtle, expressive changes

in musical phrase or line

 

 

 

 

ostinato

 

 

 

 

“obstinate” incessant repetition

of musical pattern or bass line

 

 

 

 

pesante

 

 

 

 

heavy, ponderous, firm, vigorous

 

 

 

 

pianissimo

 

 

 

 

very soft

 

 

 

 

piano

 

 

 

 

softly

 

 

 

 

piu

 

 

 

 

more

 

 

 

 

pizzicato

 

 

 

 

plucked

 

 

 

 

pochissimo

 

 

 

 

very little

 

 

 

 

poco

 

 

 

 

little

 

 

 

 

prestissimo

 

 

 

 

very rapidly

 

 

 

 

presto

 

 

 

 

fast, rapidly

 

 

 

 

quasi

 

 

 

 

as if it were, nearly

 

 

 

 

rallentando

 

 

 

 

growing slower

 

 

 

 

recitative

 

 

 

 

vocal declamations, free in tempo and rhythm

 

 

 

 

retenu

 

 

 

 

held back

 

 

 

 

ritardando

 

 

 

 

gradually slowing

 

 

 

 

ritenuto

 

 

 

 

suddenly slowing rate of speed, held back

 

 

 

 

ritmico

 

 

 

 

rhythmical

 

 

 

 

rubato

 

 

 

 

phrasing give and take, shading of tempo

 

 

 

 

scherzando

 

 

 

 

playfully, light

 

 

 

 

schmachtend

 

 

 

 

languishing, longing

 

 

 

 

sempre

 

 

 

 

always

 

 

 

 

sforzando

 

 

 

 

sudden emphasis

 

 

 

 

simile

 

 

 

 

in a similar manner

 

 

 

 

smorzando

 

 

 

 

dying away

 

 

 

 

soli

 

 

 

 

several players on a part

 

 

 

 

solo

 

 

 

 

alone, one player on the part

 

 

 

 

sostenuto

 

 

 

 

sustained

 

 

 

 

sotto voce

 

 

 

 

soft voice

 

 

 

 

spiccato

 

 

 

 

springing, bouncing bow off the string, staccato

 

 

 

 

staccatissimo

 

 

 

 

very detached, separated

 

 

 

 

staccato

 

 

 

 

detached, separated

 

 

 

 

stringendo

 

 

 

 

accelerating movement, intensifying tempo

 

 

 

 

subito

 

 

 

 

suddenly, immediate

 

 

 

 

takt

 

 

 

 

beat, regular measurement of time

 

 

 

 

tempo primo

 

 

 

 

original tempo

 

 

 

 

tenuto

 

 

 

 

stretched, sustaned, held back

 

 

 

 

tessitura

 

 

 

 

range within which most notes lie

 

 

 

 

tranquillo

 

 

 

 

calmly, quietly

 

 

 

 

tres

 

 

 

 

very

 

 

 

 

troppo

 

 

 

 

too much

 

 

 

 

tutti

 

 

 

 

all, the entire ensemble

 

 

 

 

valse

 

 

 

 

Waltz

 

 

 

 

vivace

 

 

 

 

quickly, lively, very fast

 

 

 

 

vivo

 

 

 

 

lively, brisk, spirited