Focal Plane
imaginary plane where all icti fall, roughly chest high
Gesture of syncopation
gesture used to control a response after the beat instead of on the beat
Ictus
precise instance of the rhythmic pulse
Takt
steady reiteration of beat-points
Prep beat
preparatory beat hat coincides with the breat of the performers and should indicate tempo, dynamic, style
music
organized sound over time with intent
why use a baton?
the baton creates a focus of attention
why use a podium
workplace of the conductor, begins and ends rehearsal
why wear black
the white baton shows better
white canvas approach
simple and plain conducting, cues stand out, easy to read
primary role of conductor
make performers’ job easier
PB=SB-1
prep beat=starting beat – 1
visible breath
style, dynamics, tempo
cues
makes elements of piece musically significant.
difficult entrances.
not playing for a while
dynamics
independent left had gestures
increasing/decreasing size of takt
facial gestures
1st rule of transposition
when a transposing instrument plays a written C, it sounds the pitch for which the instrument is named
Diphthong
2 vowel sounds on the same syllable
Fermata
cessation of rhythm
Mirror Conducting
when the left hand conducts exactly like the right hand
Synergy
2+2=5; the total is greater than the sum of the parts
Largo
40-60 bpm
Larghetto
60-66 bpm
Adagio
66-76 bpm
Andante
76-108 bpm
Moderato
108-120 bpm
Allegro
120-168 bpm
Presto
168-200 bpm
Prestissimo
200-208 bpm
Tenor Clef
Tenor Trombone, Cello, Bassoon
Alto Clef
alto trombone, viola
Clef
shows where middle C is
Fermata 1
The note is held for an indeterminate length of time and the cut off is independent from the following prep beat.
Fermata 2
The note is held for an indeterminate length of time and the cut off is the prep beat.
Fermata 3
The note is held for an indeterminate length of time and there is no cutoff
Instruments that do not transpose
violin, viola, cello, flute, oboe, bassoon, trombone, euphonium (in bass clef), tuba