Dufay
Burgundian school, international, fauxbourdon
Ockeghem
Franco-Flemish, masses, 4 voice long phrases, “Missa Prolationem”
Josquin de Prez
Franco-Flemish motets, emotion, “Nymphes des bois”
Palestrina
Italian masses, smooth, “Pope Marcellus Mass”
William Byrd
English Catholic, motets, masses
Leonin
Paris, two-voice organum, “Magnus Liber Organum” (Gradual, Alleluia, Responsory)
Perotin
Notre Dame, discant, 3- and 4-voice organum, “Viderunt omnes”
Machaut
Ars Nova, motets, formes fixes, “Messe de Notre Dame”
Marenzio
Italian madrigals, imagery, “Solo e pensoso”
Adam de la Halle
French trouvere, “Jeu de Robin et de Marion”
Philippe de Vitry
Ars Nova notation, isorhythm, “Ars Nova” treatise
Guido
Italian monk, solmization, “Micrologus” treatise
Hildegard
German woman, convent, “Ordo virtutum”
Landini
Trecento blind organist, ballate
Dunstable
English polyphony, influenced Continent
Binchois
Burgundian chansons, simple, “De plus en plus”
G. Gabrieli
Venice instrumental, “Sonata pian’e forte”
G. Gesualdo
Madrigals, murderer, contrast, aristocrat