| Civil instruments tend to be ________, while percussion instruments are __________. |
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| an ensemble with a basic assortment of percussion and melodic instruments |
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| a full ensemble with augmented melodic and percussion instruments |
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| In the north, there has not been much music for _________ since 1949. |
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| _________ instruments usually dominate northern ensembles |
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| While the dizi is still important in the (south/north), it is a subsidiary instrument in some (northern/southern) ritual ensembles, even becoming optional in some areas. |
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____________ are rarely used in the core repertories
of northern instrumental ensembles, although they often accompany opera and narrative singing, both in north and south. |
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One basic function of the percussion, led by the large drum, and often also the large cymbals, is to ‘________’ (kaitan) at the beginning of a ritual, and also to ________ the ritual: there are special percussion
‘standards’ throughout the ritual. |
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| blowing-and-beating ensemble |
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| drumming-and-blowing ensemble |
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| work songs, unified rhythm, call and response, no formal lyrics, purpose: unifying steps or actions |
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| mountain songs, primarily sung by farmers and herders, very individualistic |
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| lyric folk songs, popular in North of China, two sentence structure, for indoor settings |
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