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Afro Brazilian Religion
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Food is a major part of the ritual
Most widespread afro-brazilian religion
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Most popular Afro-Brazilian dance tradition
Ancient martial art
Blends dance, music, acrobatics and martial arts
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Most important musical influence in Carnival
Abolition of slavery in 1888 was responsible mainly for its creation.
2/4 meter, fast tempo, heavily syncopated
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Samba schoools
Prepare year round for the carnival season
Include singers, dancers and musicians
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Country music style embraced in rural areas
STandard instrument is the sanfona accordian
upbeat cheerful and suggestiive
Couples dance joined at the hips
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Wind and string ensembles combined European dance forms with African rhythms and Portuguese fados into a new improvisational style
Means “cry” or “weeping”
relies heavily on improvisation
Fast tempos, unconventional melodies and harmonies
Very reliant on virtuosity
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Heitor Villa-Lobos’ virtuosic works
capture the style and spirit of street performers as well as the heart of Brazillian music
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Created from musicians adopting American Jazz into samba styles
softer, romantic, personal
one singer accompanying himself
Drawn from social and political concerns of the Brazilian middle and upper classes
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born from rock-and-roll movement and young, philosophical musicians
espoused youth-oriented modernity
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| Compositions by Villa Lobos inspired by Bach |
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| social organizations devoted to Afro-Brazilian culture |
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| brotherhoods based on ethnic origin |
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Conical drums with calfskin heads
African origin
capoeira, candomble, umbanda
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wooden bow with a metal string
from Angola
String is attached to a gourd to resonate
candomble, capoeira
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friction drum, with a stick inside the drumhead
sound is produced by rubbing the stick back and forth
samba
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single headed hand drums with jingles
capoeira and samba
similar to a tambourine
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| hollow tube with grooves on which a scraper is grated |
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high pitched drums popular in carnival baterias
lead instruments
stick in right hand, bare left hand
rapid syncopation playing
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cylindrical 2 headed drums with deep low sounds like a heartbeat
right hand strikes with a stick while the left dampens the other head
used in samba baterias
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Brazilian writer and cultural critic
Important Brazilian writer and modernist
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One of the leaders of tropicalia
served as minister of culture for Brazil
Singer, songwriter, guitarist
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First major composer of bossa nova
songwriter, singer, guitarist
most associated with bossa nova
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Developed Baiao
accordionist
father of forro and baiao
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primary composer of bossa nova
complex harmonies
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A leader of the tropicalia movement in Brazil
was exiled to London during military rule era because he was considered a threat
included international influences in his music such as the Beatles
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Brazil’s most celebrated art composer of the 20th century
Musical voice of Brazil
Bachianas Brasileiras and Choros
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