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| Refined and elegant court music/common entertainment and folk music |
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| Anhemitonic pentatonic modes |
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| Harmonic notes on chordophones |
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| Silk-and-bamboo ensembles |
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| Pentatonic modes used in Beijing opera music |
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| Rhythmic types in Beijing opera music |
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| Female role played by males in Beijing opera |
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| Seven-string long zither with no bridges or frets |
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| Pear-shaped, fretted, plucked lute |
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| Short-necked fretted lute with large circular resonator |
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| Trapezoidal hammered zither |
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| hang-held mouth organ; technically an aerophone with reeds |
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| Barrel-shaped drum with riveted heads |
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