|
|
|
|
|
| Designation for choral music without instrumental accompaniment. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| A non-amplified or non-electric instrument. |
|
|
|
| A slow tempo, between andante and largo. |
|
|
|
| Both performers. Follows a section with only one performer on the part. A3, a4, etc., are also used. |
|
|
|
| An indication given the performer to vary from strict tempo, or to add or omit a part. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Becoming broader, slowing. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Quick, rapid tempo, rather fast. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| At a walking pace, at a moderate speed. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Roll the chord in harp style. |
|
|
|
| Abbreviation for “American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.” |
|
|
|
| Resume to the original tempo. |
|
|
|
| Begin the next section without pausing. |
|
|
|
| Slang for musical instrument. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unit of measurement or rhythmic time. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Agitated; Bewegter – More agitated. |
|
|
|
| The lowered third, seventh and sometimes fifth degrees of a major scale that create the characteristic sound of the blues. |
|
|
|
| Muted French horn, using hand, indicated +. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chase or hunt. A two-part canon where the voices chase each other. |
|
|
|
| A symbol // indicating a sudden pause in the music. |
|
|
|
| Solo vocal or instrumental passage. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| From the beginning; Da capo al segno – From the beginning to the sign. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Muted French horn, using the hand. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| In unison with another part; for example: col.vln. – With violins. (Commonly used in jazz scores.) |
|
|
|
| With the stick of the bow. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Repeat from the beginning. |
|
|
|
| Go back and play from the sign. |
|
|
|
| Mute; Mit Dampfer – With mute; Ohne Dampfer – Without mute. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gradually becoming softer. |
|
|
|
Indicates that when two or more notes are written on one staff, they are to be
played by separate performers. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Barely audible, as soft as possible. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Flutter tongue. Make a rapid articulation, similar in sound to a rolled r. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Muted French Horn, using hand. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Glissando (glissez, glisser) |
|
| Sliding up and down the scale. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| The German name, pronounced “hah,” for B natural. |
|
|
|
| The rhythmic relationship of three notes in the time of two, or two notes in the time of three. It is usually the alteration of 6/8 and 3/4 time. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Always; for example: immer in tempo – Always in tempo. |
|
|
|
| The bouncing of the bow on the string during a down-bow so as to play a series of repeated notes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| A little largo, not as slow as largo. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Less; Meno mosso – Less movement, slower. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Half; Mezzo voce – At half voice. |
|
|
|
| Midway between loud and soft. |
|
|
|
| Maelzel metronome; tempo indication; the number of beats per minute, expressed in a specific note value; e.g.: MM = 72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Manner, in the manner of. |
|
|
|
| In the usual manner (usually following a passage in a specific style.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moving, agitated, animated. |
|
|
|
| Motion, movement; Con moto – with movement. |
|
|
|
| Change; usually to indicate a change in tuning of an instrument or instruments (such as timpani,) the change of the key of a brass instrument, or a change from one instrument to another (such as flute to piccolo.) |
|
|
|
| Nothing, silence; A niente – fade away to silence. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Otherwise (refers to an alternative part.) |
|
|
|
| Sung in a speaking style. |
|
|
|
| Notes of the harmonic series; harmonics. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| More motion; Increase the tempo. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| A 20th century compositional style where emphasis is placed on single notes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| The fastest tempo; extremely fast. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Slowing down. (Same as ritardando.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| A short repeated melodic pattern. |
|
|
|
| Similar to tutti, it distinguishes the accompanying instruments from the soloist. |
|
| Ritardando (ritard, rit.) |
|
| Gradually slowing the tempo. |
|
|
|
| Held back; becoming slower immediately. |
|
|
|
| Expressive flexibility of tempo; tastefully slowing down and speeding up at the discretion of the performer/conductor. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Without snares (percussion.) |
|
|
|
| Playfully, like a joke, with humor. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dry, simple; in percussion: dampen, do not let ring. |
|
|
|
| Proceed to next section without a break or a pause. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Without; Senza Sordino – without mute. |
|
| Sforzando, sforzato (sf, sfz) |
|
| Forced attack, with emphasis. |
|
|
|
| In a similar or same manner. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mute; Con sordino – with mute; Senza sordino – without mute. |
|
|
|
| Sustained, in a smooth manner. |
|
|
|
| Under the voice; whispered, barely audible. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Voice or instrumental part. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Indication that a particular performer or instrument has no part for a considerable time. |
|
|
|
| Return to the original tempo. |
|
|
|
| Direction that a note is to be fully sustained, held up to its full written time value. |
|
|
|
| Calmly, quietly, tranquil. |
|
|
|
| Quick repetition of the same note, or quick repetition between two different pitched notes. |
|
|
|
| Even and rapid alternation of two tones a major or a minor second apart. The lower tone is the principal tone. |
|
|
|
| Too much; Non troppo – not too much. |
|
|
|
| All, the entire ensemble. |
|
|
|
| To improvise an instrumental accompaniment. |
|
|
|
| A rapid fluctuation of pitch slightly higher or lower than the main pitch. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Turn quickly, as in turning a page quickly. |
|
|
|
| German word for prelude or overture. |
|
|
|
|