baroque
bizzare; music is very ornimented
**terraced dynamics**
abrupted change from loud(forte) to soft(piano) or visa versa
EXAMPLE:
La Primavera
concerto for violin and string orchestra Op. 8, No. 1 from “The Four Seasons”
**basso continuo**
baroque accompaniment made up two instruments playing bass line; usually viola d’gamba and keyboard
EXAMPLE:
all except Organ Fugue in G minor
figured bass
short hand for chord structure; numbers under the staff used to tell a performer what cord to play
Montiverdi
one of the first great opera composers
Italian
composed ORFEO
**concerto grosso**
composition where an orchestra is pitted against a small group of soloist
EXAMPLE:
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major – J.S. Bach
**fugue**
polyphonic composition based on ONE main theme(subject)
EXAMPLE:
Organ Fugue in G minor – J.S. Bach
Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier
set of prelude and fuges written in every major and minor key.
48 total
written to teach his wife and children how to play the clavier
libretto
N:book with the story line of the opera
M:text of an opera
**recitative**
speech like singing, usually leads into an aria
**aria**
song for solo voice and orchesta accompaniment, usually espesses emotion with outpouring of melody-opera oratorios and cantatas; lead in by a recitative
EXAMPLE:
Tu se’ morta” from Orfeo
da capo aria
aria in ABA’. the last a is more ornimented
overture
orchestral introduction before the opera begins; sets the mood for an opera
J.S. Bach
Lutherian church musican
German
very fine keyboard player and teacher
chorale
hymn tune sung to a German text
G.F. Handel
master of Italian opera and English oratorio
German
nearly blind he still conducted and gave concerts
moved to London
wealthy and famous at death
**oratorio**
large scale composition for chorus, vocal solist, and accompanist(usually orchestra).
no costumes, acting, scenery.
usually a narrative text
usually bibically based
Vivaldi
figure of late Italian baroque
Italian-born in Venice
priest but left poor health
red hair led to nickname “Red Priest”
voilin teacher player and conductor