| Is there generation loss between digital files? |
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| What are the 3 characteristics of a DAW? Three components? |
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| Pointer based, Non-Linear, Non-Destructive.
Hardware, Software, Storage |
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| How many tracks are available on Pro Tools LE? Track Types? |
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32 Audio Tracks (128 total, 96 inactive)
128 Instrument Tracks
64 Master Faders
256 MIDI Tracks
128 Aux Inputs |
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| What file types and sample rates are supported? |
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BWF (Wav)
AIFF
SDII
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44.1Khz, 48Khz, 88.2Khz, 96Khz |
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| Name 3 things stored in a session file |
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| MIDI Data, audio regions, Mix Parameters, Tracks, I/O Assignments |
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| There can only be one active ruler at a time. True or False |
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| How many primary windows are there in Pro Tools. |
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2 Primary. Mix and Edit.
The third would be Transport |
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| What are the 4 edit modes in ProTools? |
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| Shuffle, Slip, Spot, and Grid. Grid (Absolute and Relative) |
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| Name all of the edit tools available. |
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| Zoom, Trimmer, Selector, Grabber, Scrubber, Pencil |
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| ProTools files are always Stereo Interleaved. True or False |
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| What is an offline region? |
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| A region that points back to an audio file that can no longer be found. |
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| What is the difference between Add/Copy/and Convert when importing? |
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| Add references the files from their original position on the disk.
Copy makes a copy into the new audio files folder.
Convert converts audio to the supported settings of the PT session. |
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| How can files be imported? |
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| File Import (Apple – Shift – I), from the workspace browser, or from the desktop/finder/explorer |
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Minimum selection length for loop playback?
For loop record? |
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Minimum selection length for loop playback? Half a second
For loop record? One second |
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| What Trim options are available in the Edit menu? |
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| Start to insertion, End to insertion, to selection |
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| How do you reverse the Trim Tool’s direction? |
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| Can a Locked Region be moved? Edited? Recorded over? |
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| What are the quick keys for the transport window? |
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Transport window on numeric keys
1. FF
2. Rew
3. Record enable
4. Loop Playback
5. Loop Record
6. Quick punch
7. Click
8. wait for note/ countoff
9. MIDI Merge |
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| How do you select across multiple tracks or regions with the selector tool? |
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| Shift-click, or shift-drag |
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| How do you change selection with the Scrubber Tool? |
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| How to you shuttle with the scrub tool? |
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| How do you make a selection during playback? |
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| Down arrow for start point, up arrow for end point. |
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| In slip mode, how do you trim exactly to the next region? |
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| How do you create new whole files from selections? |
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What advances the cursor to the next region boundary?
Previous region boundary? |
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| What are the 4 ways to save in PT? |
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| Save, Save AS, Save Copy In, Auto Backup |
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| Which save option allows you to convert the session settings? |
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| What is Quantization Error? |
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| QE is created by rounding to the nearest interval |
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| What filter balances QE to the output and smoothes out the digital signal? |
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| Which filter is applied to the input and moves all frequencies above the Nyquist therom? |
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| Where is QE most significant? |
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| How are Intervals determined? |
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| Intervals are 2, to the x power. X being the bit depth. |
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| Dither is low level noise added to counteract QE |
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| The LSB – Least Significant Byte |
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| How do you determine storage calculation per second? |
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| What is the formula for GB per hour? |
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| Sample rate x bit depth x 60 x 60 / 8 / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 |
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| An audio event or a pathway to and from storage |
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| How many voices are there in PT? |
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| Which monitoring mode allows you to overdub? |
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| Which monitoring mode will not playback the record enabled track? |
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| Which record mode is selection based? |
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| Which record mode can extend whole-file regions? |
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| How many voices does destructive mode use on a mono track? Quickpunch mode? |
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1 voice for destructive
2 voices for quickpunch |
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| Can offline regions be edited? Processed? |
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| How long is the minimum length of a fade? |
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| Are Fade Files Audio Files? |
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| Which edit mode allows the nudge function? |
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| What are the 3 fade options? |
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| Equal Power, Equal Gain, and NONE |
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| Which linking fade option adds a 3db bump between regions? |
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| Which linking fade option is linear? |
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| What 2 options are available in Clear Selected? |
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| Which clear option will remove an audio file from the audio file folder? |
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| What does compact selected do? |
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| It removes unused portions from the memory. |
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| A cushion left for trimming compact selected regions |
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| How many levels of undo are there for ProTools? |
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| An application within an application. |
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| What does the target button do? |
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| Allows you to view multiple plugins at the same time |
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| Can a track’s format be changed after it’s created? How about it’s output format? |
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| Do aux tracks and master faders handle audio? |
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| How much of the signal does a pre-fader insert affect? |
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| What is the difference between Dynamic and time based? |
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| Dynamic effects are placed on the insert and effect 100% of the signal. Time based are placed on an aux track so a wet and dry signal can be made. |
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| What is different about cue mix routing? |
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| Cue mixes use an output, not a bus. |
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| What are all the functions of bounce to disk? |
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| Sample rate, bit depth, file type, stereo or mono, bounce output source, convert during or after bounce, import after bounce. |
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| What is a DSP chip? What does an audio interface do? |
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| Digital Signal Processor. Converts A/D and D/A |
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| What is secondary storage used for? |
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| What is the difference between Hardware and Host-based? |
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| Hardware works off of card, Host based off the CPU of the host computer. |
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| Host based with added hardware |
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| Can memory markers be made on the fly? |
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| Can memory markers be edited, deleted, and recalled? |
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| Name some digital I/O Formats |
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Madi – 56 or 64 channel
AES/EDU is prosumer 2 channels
Spdif is consumer 2 channels
Spdif is most common |
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| What 3 options are available when setting time properties in a memory location. Name some general properties. |
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| Markers, Selection, or NONE
track height, zoom settings, pre or post roll, group enables |
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| What clears the undo queue? Does saving clear it? |
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deleting tracks, quitting pro tools, destructive recording.
saving does not clear it |
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| Define the following:
DAE
DSP
TDM
Bus
Insert
Send |
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Digidesign audio engine
digital signal processor
time division multiplexing
Bus – an internal audio pathway
Insert – effects 100% of a signal
Send – Copy |
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| How are plugins moved or copied? |
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| Does the Mix window represent actual signal flow? |
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| What modifier key allows you to view all loop recorded takes? |
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| Apple Click with selector tool |
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| What is the Optimized Audi Protocol for Mac OS X? Pro Tools? |
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| You can run Pro Tools on NON-Digi hardware? T or F |
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| Name 4 Plug-in formats? What does Pro Tools LE support? |
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| Rtas, AU, VST, Direct X. RTAS |
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| What can be monitored in the PT System Usage Window? |
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| For tracking should you raise the H/W Buffer size to maximum? |
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| No. Use low buffer size for recording, for less latency. |
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| Monitoring latency is the delay between what? How? |
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| Input and Output. Caused by buffering at the CPU |
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| AudioSuite is file based? T or F. Destructive or NON |
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| True. Can be either destructive or non. It is an offline process. |
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| What 2 graphical places can an AudioSuite process be found? |
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| On the plug in itself, and audiosuite menu |
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| Can you consolidate files with AudioSuite processing? |
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| How many MIDI tracks does Pro Tools LE support? |
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| What MIDI Track views are available? |
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| Regions, notes, velocity, controllers, volume, blocks, pan, mute, pitchbend, modulation |
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| Are MIDI regions stored in the Session File? |
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| MIDI notes can be edited in regions view? |
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| The grabber tool can do what with MIDI? |
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| Move, Copy, select, and Transport |
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| Which edit tool is destructive? |
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| Which pencil will draw in a series of notes? |
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| What does flatten performance do in PT? |
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| It gives you a new “restore to” state. |
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| Should the MIDI Master’s Local be ON/OFF when using PT as a sequencer. If local can not be turned off, what can you do? |
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| OFF. If local cannot be turned off, what can you do? Disable Local Thru |
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| How do you set up a MIDI Click? |
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| mono aux, go to the insert, under instruments |
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| Option click with the zoom tool |
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| How do you zoom both horizontal and vertical? |
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| How do you zoom to fit the session length to screen? |
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| Which type of system uses DSP chips? |
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| What tools make up the smart tool? |
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| Trim, Selector, and Grabber |
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| How many markers can be used? |
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| How much dynamic range is in each bit? |
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| What is 0dBFS also known as? Can you record above 0dBFS? |
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| What is the human hearing frequency range? |
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| Which monitoring mode monitors playback until you are recording? |
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| How many punches are available in quickpunch? |
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| Which record mode creates a new region on each pass? |
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| What do audio protocols control? |
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| How Hardware, software, and operating systems interact |
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| A Hardware dongle that carries authorizations |
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| What determines hard drive speed? |
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Rotation speed – minimum 7200 rpm
Access time – maximum 9ms
Bus Type |
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| When should you set the H/W buffer larger? |
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| Is audiosuite file based? |
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| Does auto punch style recording create new regions each pass? |
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| NO…only one pass in auto punch |
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| Is a parent region created with midi? |
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MIDI is based on bars and beats,
audio is sample based. |
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| Can a tempo change be performed with the conductor off? |
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| What does identify beat do? |
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Realigns grid to the values you set
Identifies beats per minute. |
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allows you to stream audio from other programs, streams midi,
64 channels can be sent over rewire |
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| How can MIDI info be bounced in Pro tools? |
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| create an audio track and record it, and then bounce. |
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| In what order should your hardware related to your Pro Tools system by started up? |
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1. Made sure all equipment is off
2. HD systems with an Expansion Chassis
3. Turn on Chassis
4. HD systems with Pro Control or Control 24, Icont D Control or DD-Command worksurfaces — turn on all control surfaces
5. Turn on MIDI interfaces and devices
6. Turn on PT audio interfaces – wait 15 seconds
7. Start computer
8. Turn on monitor system |
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| Which rulers are not time based? |
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| Tempo, Markers, and Meters |
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| What is the difference between Absolute and Relative Grid modes? |
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• Absolute – snaps to nearest boundaries
• Relative – Regions can be moved. Grid will be relative to the nearest “beat” |
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| Identify all of the track types Pro Tools has to offer, and how they differ |
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• Audio – import/record and edit audio signal as a waveform
• MIDI – store MIDI note and controller data
• Instrument – combines the functions of MIDI tracks and aux inputs
• Aux Input – can be used as an effects send, destination for a sub mix, a bounce destination, or an input to monitor and process live audio.
• Master Fader – single fader used to control hardware output levels and bus paths |
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| Is default MIDI record mode destructive? |
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| Which Midi Recording is NON-destructive? |
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| What options do you have for bouncing midi? |
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| Record to audio track, Bounce then Import, Bounce with Audio |
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| What is a Logical format? |
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| specifies valid data types and player behaviors |
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| What is a physical Format? |
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| specifies how disc is constructed and playback mechanism |
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| What are the standard specs for CD-DA? |
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16bit – 44.1Khz
Up to 99 Tracks
Up to 74 minutes, 33 seconds |
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| What is the minimum track length for CD-DA? |
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| Orange Book Burned in the computer |
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| What is error correction? |
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| Errors created in a cd being burned. |
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| Rearranging data to minimize errors |
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| Finding and fixing errors |
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| Making educated guesses of errors. |
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| Is there more error correction on data Cd’s or audio? |
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How much memory can be stored on a 74 minute audio disk?
How much data on the same cd? |
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| What are gapless techniques? |
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| Audio file lengths matching a multiple of 588 Samples |
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