Pitch Intervals
Intervals between pitches.
Generic Pitch-Interval Names
“Third,” “Fourth,” “Fifth,” intervals.

From A down to F# is a third interval.

Melodic Interval
Two separate pitches.
Harmonic Intervals
Two pitches played at the same time.
Compound Interval
Pitch intervals larger than an octave.
Interval Quality
The difference in size hen two generic pitch intervals number but are not the exact same size.
Minor Thirds
Interval that span 3 half steps.
Major Thirds
Intervals that span 4 half steps.
Differences between Major and Minor Intervals
Major intervals are a half step larger than minor intervals.

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Remember that their perfects are the same!

Unison
Number of Semitones: 0
Minor Second
Numbers of Semitones: 1

(1/2)

Major Second
Number of Semitones: 2

(1)

Minor Third
Number of Semitones: 3

(1 1/2)

Major Third
Number of Semitones: 4

(2)

Perfect Fourth
Number of Semitones: 5

(4 1/2)

Tritone (abbreviated A4 or d5)
Number of Semitones: 6

(3)

Perfect Fifth
Number of Semitones: 7

(3 1/2)

Minor Sixth
Number of Semitones: 8

(4)

Major Sixth
Number of Semitones: 9

(4 1/2)

Minor Seventh
Number of Semitones: 10

(5)

Major Seventh
Number of Semitones: 11

(5 1/2)

Octave
Number of Semitones: 12

(6)

Augmented
When a major or perfect interval is made one chromatic half step larger.
Diminished
When a minor or perfect interval is made one chromatic half step smaller.
Doubly Augmented
When a major or perfect interval is made one whole step larger (without changing the letter names of the pitches).
Doubly Diminished
When a minor or perfect interval is made one whole step smaller (without changing the letter names of the pitches).
Enharmonically Equivalent
Intervals that span the same number of semitones but have different interval names.
Consonant
Intervals that sound pleasing to the ear or tonally stable.
Dissonant
Intervals that sound tonally active or unpleasant.
Perfect Consonances
Unison, fifth, and octave because of their pure acoustic properties.
Imperfect Consonances
Third and sixth interval.
Dissonances
Second, seventh, and any augmented or diminished interval such as the tritone.
Inversionally Related Intervals
Pairs of intervals made from the same scale degrees but with the order reversed.

Example: When degree 7 is lower than degree 4, it is a diminished fifth.

When degree 4 is lower than degree 7, it is spelled as an augmented fourth.