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| bells, whistles, rattles, and sticks (anything percussion that doesn’t have a skin)- sistra |
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| Air/wind instrument- aulos |
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| Stringed instrument- lyre, kithera |
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| Music as ____ in Ancient Greece |
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| music is numerical, everything is orderly |
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| systems, education, temple, sky, sun god, lyre, kithara, ode |
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impulse, intuition, wine, theater, swamp,
dithyramb, aulos |
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| Birthday song to God dianysus |
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| Overtone series discovered, mathamatical |
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| (380 bc)Republic, God is singular, good modes and bad modes (lydian, locrian and mixolydian bad), all black and white |
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| (350 bc) Politics, can give certain modes for medicine. Dorian=courage, Phrygian=moderation, Lydian=exciting, mixolydian=calm |
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| (330 bc)Harmonics. Intervals, tetrachords, scales. |
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| the ethical effect of modes (aristotle and plato) |
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| Tetrachords, conjunct, disjunct, proslambanomenos |
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| 4 notes in a row in the scale, overlapped note, when notes not connected, extra note (leftover do) |
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| Complete tetrachord diagram |
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| Tetrachord genera, Diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic |
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| ,BCDE BCisDE BCisDisE, BCDesE, BCesCE |
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| Jesus, 300 years, Constantine=+, 300 years (gregorian reforms), St. Gall (polyphony) |
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| Constantine mandated tolerance of Christians |
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| Boethius (institutione musica), Trivium, Quadrivium, Musica |
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| (d 524)invented the idea of 7 liberal arts–>Trivium (Language)- grammar, rhetoric, dialectic–> Quadrivium (Math)- arithmetic, geometry, astronomy/astrology–> Musica- Mundane (music of spheres, way the earth moves), humana (human body), instrumentalis (in notes) |
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| Gregory the Great (d 604), Gregorian chant |
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| Gallican, Mozarabic, Ambrosian, Gregorian |
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| used until Charlemagne (d 814) in France |
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| started with the Council of Toledo 633c, Muslim invasion 8c, 1071–> gregorian, SPAIN/Portugal |
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| Milan, Italy, Earliest surviving liturgy |
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| Rome, temporale vs. sanctorale |
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| during Christ life (only alive temporarily) |
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| Advent(before christs birth), Christmas (christs birth), Epiphany (wisemen journey), lent (advent of easter), passion (christs death, maunday thursday, good friday, and holy saturday [after palm sunday]), easter (resurrection), and pentecost (rest of the church year) |
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| Liturgical offices (services) |
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| Matins (pre dawn), Lauds (dawn)–>[Prime (6am), Terce(9am), Sext (12pm) None (3pm)] Vespers (evening), Compline (late night) |
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| Depends on the day of the calendar–>Introit..Gradual, Alleluia(tract), (Sequence).Offertory..Communion. |
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| Invariable, happen same way every day–>.Kyrie, Gloria…Credo.Sanctus/Benedictus, Agnus Dei.Dismissal: Ite missa est. Deo gratias) |
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| Introit(p) kyrie(o) gloria(o) gradual(p) alleluia(tract)(p) (Sequence)(p) Credo(o) Offertory(p) Sanctus/Benedictus(o) Agnus Dei(o) Communion(p) Dismissal:Ite missa est. Deo gratias(o) |
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| Hand diagram, starting on g, going to e, hexachords, gamma-ut |
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| 2-4 (cluster) notes per syllable |
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| Antiphon, reciting tone, doxology, antiphon |
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| Sentence recited before and after Psalm |
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| Gloria patri et filio, et spiritui sancto. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. |
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| Longer antiphon, shorter psalm, doxology only saeculorum Amen |
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| text and music for offices |
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| All four books (graduale, missale, antiphonale, breviarium) |
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| (9c) Tuotilo–>trope Notker Balbalus–>sequence (got rid of jubilus) Later–> paired versicles |
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| take a sentence and put a clause in the middle of it “glory be to god, ….., in the highest” |
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| put lyrics to all wasted notes of jubilus |
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| AA’BB’CC’DD’EE’F–(Rhymed couplets, pattern of the sequence) |
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| Neumes (group of notes) in a shallow line |
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| Neumes (group of notes), space for words |
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| My lovely pet turtle seldom notates violin concertos |
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| a group two to four notes |
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| Only one line of notes/neumes |
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| Two lines and clef drawings of notes/neums |
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| (11c) Came up with staff, solfege, Ut queant laxis, hand, hexachords (3), B quadrum, B-rotundum, mutation, gamma-ut |
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| chant from which solfege is derived |
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| system used to teach chant, starts on G on tip of thumb |
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| 6 notes…Natural (no accidentals), Soft (has te/ B flat), Hard (natural B) |
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| Hard b shape (quadrilateral)– turned into natural |
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| Soft b shape (round)– turned into flat |
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| mutate into a different hexachord’s solfege |
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| only the lowest g of the guidonian system |
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| Parallel, Oblique, Free, St. Martial, Notre Dame |
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| voices are parallel, usually in perfect 5ths |
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| Principle voice, unaltered chant |
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| begins and ends in unison with parallel middle |
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| VP does chant, VO does whatever the fuck it wants |
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| Principales was held as drone, VO chant like and free |
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| Sequel to Musica Euchiriadis (9c) |
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| How to do Organum (10-11c) |
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| Notre Dame… Instructions for Leonin and Perotin. (late 12-early 13c) |
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| Franco of Salon (13c, after Notre Dame) |
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| Leonin, Perotin… Scrap VP and VO. VP=tenor and VO=extra voices |
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| 2 voices, Tenor and 1 extra voice (dumplum) |
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| 2+ voices, Tenor plus 2 or 3 extra voices |
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| 1+1+1+1+1+1 (short short short short short short) |
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| Franconian (Franco of Colon) 1250, upper parts are different text/language |
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| Petronian 1280, coloratura singer |
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| Latin poetry not liturgical sometimes sacred |
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| England, 9th century, vernacular language, Rote poetry, Juggling acrobatics dancing magic– Scop and Gleemen, Resident minstrels |
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| France, 10-12th c, Latin, Monophonic Conductis, Literate young students/clerics singing about wine girls and song, Carmina Burana |
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| S France, 11-13c, Provencale/langue d’oc, High literacy/chivalry |
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| N France (paris), 12-13c, Medieval French, Unrequited love, Eleanor Aquitaine |
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| Germany, 12-13c, Middle German, Nature poetry and Love, Walther von der Vogelweide, High level nobility |
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| Germany, 14-15c, German, Hans Sachs, Rules and regulations, guild members |
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| Chanson de toile (poetry) |
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| Work song (spinning wheel, song of toil) |
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| Chanson de geste (poetry) |
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| Tale of great hero, style of Homer |
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| Lament of death of nobility |
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| Satire, dangerous if insult wrong person |
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| Knight wooing shepherdess, Rape scene usually, shepherdess grateful (pasture of castle) |
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| “Morning-after” song, Friend guarding canoodling other friends |
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