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| Who was the first Englishman to Come to Hawaii and When did he do it? |
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| When did Hawaii Become a US territory? |
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| What are the Social Classes of the Hawaiian Society |
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Ali’i – Chiefs
Kahuna – Priests/Specialists
Maka’ainana – Commoners
Kaua – Slaves and Untouchables |
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| Sacred Power that has a spiritual source in all Objecs, animals and humans (think avatar) |
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| Rituals and Prohibitions, Laws that regulate interaction (Taboos) |
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| Traditional Hawaiian Chant |
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| What are charachteristics of Mele? |
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-Expression of life
-Communication between humans and the world
-Tell stories for history or genealogy
-History of Hawaii |
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| What art form does mele identify with? |
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| What is most important about mele? |
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| The hidden Meanings in mele |
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| What are the two types of mele? |
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| How is Mele Oli Performed? |
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-Sung by one person unaccopanied by instruments
-In Free Meter |
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| Regular grouping of Beats |
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| What is Mele pule ho’oulu? |
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-Prayer chant asking for inspuration
-example of mele oli
-free meter, vocal ornamentation |
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| What is Melee pule ho’oulu no Laka |
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-Prayer chant to Laka asking for inspuration
-Example of Mele oli
-Free meter, vocal ornamentation |
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| What are the Characteristics of Mele Hula? |
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-Sung by more than one person, accompanied by dance and instruments
-Rythmically is organized to meter |
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| What is Mele inoa no Hi’iaka? |
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– Name chant for the goddess Hi’iaka
– Duple Meter (beats in groups of 2)
– Accompanied by instrument |
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| What is Mele inoa no Kalakaua? |
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– A name chant for Kalakaua
– Example of mele hula[
– Instrumentation with drums |
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| How does Hula express the text of Mele? |
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| What were the original goals of Hula? |
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-To honor gods
-Honor the Nobility, Hawaiian people
-Tell stories
-Enforce perfectionism in dance |
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| What came to the Hawaiian Islands in the 1820-1830s? |
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| When did guitar come to Hawaii? |
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| What came as a result of attempting to blend cultures? |
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Hula ku’i
-music and dance that blended western and Hawaiian musical elements |
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| What were the western influences in Nani Kaua’i? |
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-Strophic form, Call and Response
-Harmony
-Instrumentation (Guitars)
-Melodic contours (Tuneful sounding melody) |
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| Hawaiian Influence on Nani Kaua’i? |
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-Hawaiian Language
-Type of mele (text)
-Use of breakes in voice |
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| Western influences in Moanalua? |
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-Form
-Harmony
-Melodic contour
– Instrumentation (Guitar, Ukulele) |
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| Hawaiian Influences in Moanalua? |
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-Hawaiian Language
-Text is a type of Mele |
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| What type of song emerged in the 20th century in Hawaii? |
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| Charachteristics of Hapa Haole? |
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-American Pop with Hawaiian songs
-English and Hawaiian Phrases
-Lyrics made Hawaii inviting Paradise
-Attract American Tourists |
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| What type of song is Honolulu Hula Hula Heigh? |
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A Hapa Haole Song
-English with Hawaiian
-Western Instruments |
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| What two types of guitar playing are associated with Hawaii? |
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| What is Slack Key guitar? |
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| Strings are loosened, Slackedned, Different types of tunings |
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| What is an example of slack key guitar? |
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-Wai O Ke Aniani
-O’opu Nui
-Yodel song |
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| Steel bar that slid up and down the fret board, Popular by 1890s |
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| In early native american society what are songs associated with? |
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| What is Song Ownership and who was it associated with? |
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| Native Americans believed that songs belonged to an individual, family or clan and only social songs were for everyone to sing |
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| What is an example of A stick or bone game song? |
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| Joe Washington with his wife and son |
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| When was the indian shaker church founded? |
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| Western washington in 1882 by John and Mary Slocum |
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| Who sung the Indian Shaker song |
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| Tommy Bob (Swinomish) in La Conner 1950 |
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| What do native american story songs do? |
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| Describe a time when animals were people and a Changer created the world today |
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| “The man who would not wash his face” is an example of what |
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| Native American Story song |
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| What is “The man who would not wash his face” about? |
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| Attempting to appeal to relatives for help so that they may bring a flood to transform the world |
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| How was Dirty face used in Lushootseed Culture? |
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-Primacy of family relationships
-Association with spiritual power
-Importance of place |
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| What does Mariachi mean today? |
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-Type of group or ensemble
-Musician who plays Mariachi
-Style of Music |
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| When was Spanish Colonial rule? |
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| When did Mariachi emerge? |
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| How and when did Mariachi Take shape? |
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From the 1920s to 30s through Radio and Film
-Now emblem of Mexican Identity |
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| What is typical instrumentation of Mariachi? |
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-Trumpet
-Violin
-Guitar
-Vihuela
-Guitarron
-Voice |
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| How many Musicians in a Mariachi Band? |
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| What is the role of Trumpets, Violin and Voice in Mariachi? |
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-Play the melody
-In Harmony |
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| What is the role of the Vihuela in Mariachi? |
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| Provide rhythmic pulse and harmonic Accompaniment |
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| What is the role of the guitar in mariachi? |
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| Provide rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment |
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| What is the Guitarron’s role in Mariachi Music? |
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| What is the Armonia in the Mariachi style? |
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The Rhythm section
-Guitarron, Vihuela, and Guitar |
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| What is the Instrumentation in the Burro Pardo? |
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-2 Trumpets
-4 Violins
(Play Melodic roles)
-Voices (Sing)
Armonia
-Vihuela
-2 Guitars
-Guitarron |
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| Stylized Calls, Used to add or indicate excitement, emotion or dramatic effect |
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| When did Mariachi start to play a significant role in the US? |
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| What created the demand for Mariachi in the US? |
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| Immigrants from Mexico in the years following WWII |
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| How is Mariachi used in the US? |
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-Weddings, Bdays, Baptisms, Parties
-Restaraunts, bars
-Catholic Masses
-Festivals
-Schools |
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| What is important about the lyrics of “Son Jalisciense” |
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| Double Meanings in the lyrics |
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| What song uses and alternation between 2 beat and 3 beat feel? |
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| Both a genre and a general term for Mexican Music rooted in rural life, “Country Music” |
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| What meter is Ranchera in? |
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| Triple or duple meter, Tends to be simple |
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| What is a style of mariachi about love and uses simple rhythms? |
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| A style of Mexican and Mexican American Popular Music played through southern Texas and Northern Mexico |
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| Where is Conjunto Tejano prominant? |
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| Southern Texas (Mexican, European, and American Influences) |
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| What are Conjunto Tejano songs about? |
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| Love, heartbreak and immigration |
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| What language is Conjunto Norteno sung in? |
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| Where is Conjunto norteno found? |
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| What instruments are found in Conjunto tejano? |
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-Bajo Sexto (12 String Bass)
-Button Accordian
-Upright or electric Bass
-Drumb Kit |
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| What forms of Mexican music do Conjuto tejano play? |
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-Ranchera (Love and Heartbreak/Simple Pleasures)
-Corrido (Story of Person,Battle or event)
-Polka (Dance song in beats of 2) |
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| What nationality immigrated to Texas in the late 19th to early 20th century? |
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| Who popularized the tejano accordian? |
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Flaco Jimenez
Santiago Jimenez Jr. |
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| What was a major point of tension in conjunto Tejano |
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| Race and Ethnicity between Mexicans and Germans |
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| What sex dominated conjunto tejano? |
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Lydia Mendoza (1934)
– Known for singing and 12 string guitar playing |
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Conjunto tejano musician
-Important Accordionist and singer
-Important Family |
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| A folklorist that helped “revive” Folk |
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| Famous Folk performer who helped “revive” Folk |
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| Who was discovered in the 1930s by John and Alan Lomax? |
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Huddie Ledbetter
-Lead Belly or Leadbelly
-Sang and Played guitar |
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| Who performed Goodnight Irene? |
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| When did woodie Guthrie move to New York and what Kind of image did he have |
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| 1940s with a common man image |
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| Who sang this land is your land? |
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| Who wrote Roll on Columbia? |
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| What did Roll on columbia do? |
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-Degredation to the Native American image in mainstream
– Glorification of public works programs, Grand Coulee Dam |
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| Prominant Folk Groups during the revival? |
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– The Almanac Singers
– The Weavers |
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| What was Seegers Political and Social Activism through his music? |
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| Impact that fears of communism had on seegers career and the urban folksinging movement |
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| What did the Weavers do before any other folk group? |
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| Achieve Commercial Sucess |
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| When was the Weavers formed? |
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| Who wrote “Goodnight Irene” and when |
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The weavers in 1950
-Reached #1 on pop charts |
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| What other songs did Seeger Perform? |
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Jay Goulds Daughter(1957)
St. James Infirmary |
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| Who wrote the New Market Wreck? |
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| What were some aspects of the Folk Revival |
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-Social Conciousness, Social activism, Protest
-Preference for live music
-Audience Participation |
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| Gathering in a hall or house to sing songs |
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| Who were the important performers for the growth of Urban Folk? |
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-Leadbelly
-Woody Guthrie
-Pete Seeger
-The Weavers(With Pete Seeger) |
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| What type of instruments did the Kingston Trio use and when were they formed? |
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| 1957 and acoustic instruments |
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| Who performed “Tom Dooley” |
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The Kingston Trio in 1958
-Acoustic instrumentation |
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| Who became a part of the Boston Folk scene in the late 50s? |
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| When did Bob Dylan become established? |
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| What were the Characteristics of Dylans performance style? |
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-Importance of poetry
-“Everyman” Voice
-Acoustic guitar and harmonica |
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| Who sang “The times are a-changin”? |
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| What year was a pivital year for the rise of folk rock |
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1965
-Dylan has an electric album
– Dylans Mr Tambourine man released by byrds
-Like a rolling stone reaches 2
-Dylan performs with electric band |
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| What did it mean for dylan to go electric? |
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| -Turning back on “purism” |
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| What form is “Like a rolling stone” |
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Strophic
-Longest pop single ever released at the time |
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| Songs that were used during the civil rights movement |
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| What types of practices did Freedom songs take from old styles? |
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Lining out
-used to teach new text and encouraged participation |
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| What became the anthem of the civil rights movement? |
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| What did Pete Seeger write “Waist Deep in the Big Muddy” in 1960s For? |
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| Protesting US involvement in Vietnam |
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| Whos performance was cencored by CBS in the late 60s? |
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| Story of Person Battle or Event |
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| Muic from Veracruz, Mexico where singing is passes from person to person. Played at fandangos |
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| A community celebration with singing and dancing |
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| Percussive dancing on top of a wooden table or platform known as a tarima |
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| Ballad of the Mexico/US Borderland |
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