Tempo
Speed of the beat
a cappella
Sung without accompaniment
rit.
Gradual slowing of the beat
ff
Fortissimo; very loud
cresc.
Crescendo; Gradually get louder
dim.
Diminuendo; Gradually get softer
mp
Mezzo piano; medium soft
Coda
Ending section of a piece of music
unis.
Unison
sub.
Subito; suddenly
con moto
Without motion
poco a poco
Little by little
div.
Divisi; voice parts are divided
? + `

(“‘” above the note)

Staccato; short and detached
? + >

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(“>” above the note)

Accent; marking placed above a note to indicate stress or emphasis
??//??
?-//??
?????
Caesura; momentary interruption of the music
/ + x

(“x” above the note)

Body percussion or spoken syllables
___?_
__?__
_____
B flat major key signature
____’___
________
________
Breath Mark
__?___
___?__
______
D major key signature
_______
___6___
___8___
_______
Compound time signature where each measure has 2 pulses and each pulse is made up of 3 eighth notes.
_______
___2___
___2___
_______
“Cut time”; time signature where each measure has 2 beats and the half note gets the beat.
?
Natural; cancels a flat or sharp for the rest of the measure.
__3__
_______
_?_?_?_
_______
Quarter note triple; when a half note is divided into three equal beats.