Tonic Accent
Accent by rise of pitch, rather than stress
Dynamic accent
Accent by stress or reinforcement
Natural Accent
Accent on the downbeat
Secondary Accent
Accent on a beat other than the downbeat, e.g., beat three in common time
Irregular Accent
Accent on a normally unaccented beat
Agogic Accent
Accent by longer duration of a note (ex. Tichelli’s Vesuvius)
Sforzando / Forzando
Accent by forcing / pressure
Rinforzando
Accent by strengthening
Legato
Smoothly connected
Marcato
Marked emphasis
Staccato
Detached
Tenuto
Held, sustained
Portato
Slurred staccato
Staccatissimo (wedge)
Very short and detached; equivalent to the staccato from Couperin to Beethoven
Attacca
Two movements should be connected with no break, the one following immediately after the other.
Attacca subito
Two movements should be connected with no break, the one following immediately after the other.
Segue
Two movements should be connected with no break, the one following immediately after the other.