Franz Liszt
Pianist – Born in Hungary
Moved to Paris when he was 2
Could still use his Hungarian background
Groupies
Greatest Pianist of ALL TIME
Heard Nicol Pannini (violinists)
I’m going to be to the Piano what Paganinni is to the violin
Sold his soul to the devil
Symphonie Fantastique (1830)
Berlioz
Hector Berlioz
Never had music his music played in the Paris Opera so instead he wrote orchestral drama music
Nietzsche
Christianity was a slave religion
democracy wasn’t good either
Ubermensch = “over person”
Nazi Germany came from his philosophies
restless mood
The Rite of Spring
Igor Stravinsky
Wagner
Star Wars
Motifs
Ring Cycle – 15 hours
Strauss
Court Composer
Operas, symphonic poems – programatic, follow Listz –
Mahler
German Post-Romantic Music
Large Orchestras
Long pieces
Turns nursery rhymes into funeral marches
Asian sounding
Stayed within the Symphony structure
International Sounding
Bolero
MANET:
Almost impressionism – Bar at the Folies-bergere, naked girl at lunch with guys…
Paris
Monet
Impression: Sunrise – kinda reminds me of turner,
Red Boats, Argenteuil
Darker shades of colors – not black just really dark green stuff…
Most pure impressionist of the impressionists
* Water Lillies
Liked painting water
Renoir
Public scenes
Not a pure impressionist
Women as symbols of life
• Warmth, charm,
Le Moulin de la Galette
Girls at the Piano
Traveled widely throughout Europe,
More impressionist in color, less in shape/form
Degas
Rehearsal of Ballet
key hole visions
back stage people – every day life
He often underlined the gulf between the Romantic facade of ballet and its down-to-earth reality… not entirely glamorous (yawning, stretching, haha…)
Cassatt
Rough Pastel – Mother combing Sara’s Hair
No depth to some things
Mother daughter pictures
One of the first Female artists
Morisot
Girl
Impressionist
View of Paris from the Trocadero
Far away from women but women are still in her pictures, etc.
Rodin
Impressionist sculptor – Monument to Balzac
Not meant to be seen from the same height –
Height authority
The Kiss:
Georges Seurat –
Post-Impressionism
Pointalism
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte
The Circus
Ganguin
la Orana Maria: Hawaii looking picture…
Madonna – Virgin Mary and baby Jesus in his painting – so it is religious
Post-Impressionism
Cezanne
Wanted something to be durable – shapes,
Still life in commode
Mont Sainte-Victore
Post-Impressionism
Vincent Van Gogh
Post Impressionism
not too fond of the catholic church
Trees moving, not church
Portrait of Dr. Gachet
Night Cafe – terrible passions of humanity, gross nasty yellow and red coloring, no one is happy,
Matisse
The Joy of Life
Bright Colors
Post-Impressionism
The Red Studio – highlight all things of artistic importance…all other things are transparent
Munch
The Scream
Dance of Life – with dead people
Post-Impressionist
Gaudi
Casa Mila – Barcelona – no straight lines… except for the windows
Wanted it to look organic
Looks like a weird ice cream thing on top
Stepped back to get a perspective on his building and got ran over! sad…
Windows on the inside so everyone could get light… weird.
Heckle
Two Men at a Table: To Dostoyevsky
Violent and dark
Post-Impressionism
Nolde
Pentecost – all have little fire blobs above their heads
weird…
Post Impressionism
Corinth
Salome – Post Impressionism
Technique is old-fashioned but subject matter is not
Time of like Stravinsky and stuff…
John Baptist’s head – weird…weirdNESS!
Beardsley
Salome – other version
Picasso
Cubism – painting what you know rather than what you see, flipside of impressionism
Where is the performance – “Parade (Red Curtain)”
“Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler”
paint two eyes on one side of the head… Random
You know there are two eyes so paint both at once.
“Lees Demoiselles d’Avignon”
“Three Musicians”
Synthetic cubism = synthesize material, if they say it’s a guitar its true if it is newspaper true – “Guitar”
Painted Las Meninas (after Valazquez – importance of artist)
Guernica – what i did in middle school with creepy doll hand
Braque
Still Life with Violin and Pitcher – not Picasso because it isn’t people – but it is CUBISM
Mondrian
Windmill in Sunlight
bright colors, short thick brush strokes
GRIDS – abstract… “Composition with Large Blue Plane, Red, Black, Yellow, and Gray”
Chagall
Green Violinist – cubism
inverted, etc.
draws on jewish heritage
Blend in what is supposed to be out
Dali
Clocks – The Persistence of Memory
Things appear to change as you look at them
Invention of Monsters
Liked Burning Giraffes and butterflies
Metamorphosis of Narcissus
Really surreal
Freida Kahlo
Usually the subject of her own paintings
Proud of her unibrow…
Magritte
Man with a Newspaper
This is Not a Pipe – This is not an Apple guy (The Treachery of Images)
false expectations
La Condition humaine – painting of reality that blends in with the landscape – but it’s all just a painting
Klee
Around the Fish – weird…
surrealism
Duchamp
L.H.O.O.Q. –
Dada,
Taking art off of it’s high pedistal…
Douglas
Aspects of Negro Life
Severini
Armored Train in Action
Futurist paintings – loved war, thought it was a social cleanser
Like speed and bullets and metal
Eisenstein
Soviet Film editor
Montage
weren’t character driven
propaganda – using art to sway opinion one way or another
“Battle Ship Potemkin” (1925)
Leni Riefenstahl
“Did triumph of will” about Hitler
From Germany
Good at finding different ways to view things
Running camera with runners around the track, etc. @ Olympics
Kafka
The Trial: blamed for something he didn’t do, doesn’t even know what he’s being accused of…strange and impossible things… alienation, negative human relationships, social satires, futility
Eliot
Only one who is poetry in our literature for this term, same themes as Kafka
A Doll’s House
a play – so it will be easy to figure out…
Leider
Setting of German text to music – piano accompaniment
Debussy and Ravel
IMPRESSIONISM
Ravel
Don Quichotte – Spanish Rhythm… west side story… solo men’s voice singing in French with orchestra…
Stravinsky
Russia
2 periods
1. Ballets for Sergei Diaghilev
2. chamber orchestra piece
RITE OF SPRING RIOT
Schoenberg, Berg, Webern
2nd Viennese School
Dichterliebe
“Poet’s Love”
Bel canto
itallian, beautiful singing
Goethe
Pictoral accompaniments in the piano part
like the horse in Erlking,schubert
CHARACTER PIECE
Short-piano work with a vaguely evocative title – usually published in a group, music suggestive of the title, “Character Piece”
Chopin
Poland, Vienna, Paris, he wrote piano music, not like an orchestra…fragments,
Schumann
Love songs
Mickey-Mousing
Musical instrumental that really CLOSELY relates to the story, directly illustrating the story
Idee Fix – distorted once he is in ‘Hell’ in his song…
Dance Macabre – grotesque, deathly dance.
(BERLIOZ)
Brahms
German Requiem, Baroque style, ROMANTIC, counterpoint, movements,
Bel Canto
Beautiful music – HIGH NOTES!!!
Itallian opera term…
Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini
Giacomo Meyerbeer
Music is BIG, Restless drama, people caught in a fate beyond their control, crowd scenes
Wagner
Opera und Drama, Gesamtkunstwerk, Ride of the Valkeries, Wagner societies,
Richard Strauss
Sinfonia Domestica (His own life in music “you can hear what he eats for breakfast “)
Megalomaniac – later symphonic poems = egotistical view point
struggles against himself and wins…
Mahler
German Post-Romantic Music
German Post-Romantic Music
Large Orchestras
Long pieces
Turns nursery rhymes into funeral marches
Verdi
dead people,
Puccini
realism, Madam Butterfly – Tragic story based on real life,die on stage,
Recurring motifs
People get strangled, stabbed, die in blood – OPERAS
Debussy
Schoenberg
pantonal, 12 tone, pierro lunaire, sprechstimme,
Berg
romantic, Wozzeck, killed his girlfriend – where is the knife? ice berg- titanic
Webern
got killed by a sniper,
Applies this to the 12 tone system
Ives
Experimented because he was financially well off
Cowboy
English singing
Experimental microtones – can’t get it on a piano… notes in between notes
Collage of music – musical quotes and putting them together…
Joy of playing around with music
picasso
les demoiselles – CUBISM, picasso,
picasso
les demoiselles
Lovis Corinth
Salome
Technique = old fashioned
Subject matter = grusome
John the Baptist’s head and freaky lady
Heightened emotion, passion, decadence
Lovis Corinth
Salome
Technique = old fashioned
Subject matter = grusome
John the Baptist’s head and freaky lady
Heightened emotion, passion, decadence
Influenced the Les Six movement – Jean Cocteau: “Simplicity is the greatest audacity”
Stravinsky
Anton Pavloviv Chekov
Russia – short stories
Outside of russia – MAJOR PLAYS
READING #78 ‘The Bed’ – Lawyer and man see who can stay in room for a year, secluded before he goes crazy, etc.
“Saving Face”
Impressionism:
monet, renoir, degas, cassatt, morisot, rodin
Debussy
not interested in tonic, looked at music as sound, not expression, french, impressionistic, with Ravel
Mondrian
abstract – those lines, chunks of color, Boogie-Woogie, Composition with Large Blue Plane, Red, Black, Yellow, and Gray (1921)
Chagall
Paris opera house painting on roof, synthetic cubism (more than one medium), bright colors, Green Violinist
doing artwork where music is an obvious subject!
Picasso and Brach
Kandinsky
can’t really tell what is in his paintings but he has alot of curved lines, like a can is curved… KAN DINSKY! Really can’t tell what he’s painting…
Grungass in Murnau
Impression III: Concert(1911)
Composition VII (1923)
Fauvism – Matisse
Bold and primal use of color
Beasts –
Art was so primal and dynamic and colorful
French critics thought it was beastly – colorful
Magritte
COOL! He’s the one who does like painting with in a painting, ‘this is not an apple’ type of deal!
Makes you think about his paintings, Man with a Newspaper, La conditione humane
Klee
Around the fish, flat images, phobism and surrealism but not really classified as either…, Art is Similar to music in it’s ability to express emotion,
Aaron Douglas
Aspects of Negro Life
Picasso LATER
parade (red curtain), on-stage and off-stage audience, WHO is the REAL audience?…
Guernica – like I did in middle school, AGAINST WAR…
DADA
Dachamp – L.H.Q.Q. – Mona Lisa messed up… Naughty…
Pull down art and make fun of it…
Severini
armored train… super busy – like no white spaces, futurist painter, all about Movement and SPEED,morphed into itallian facism,
Balla
ALOT like severini… um…not as BUSY, less color
Propaganda – used to sway opinions
Leni Riefenstahl AND Sergei Eisenstein
Lev Kuleshov
Picture of a FACE, then a baby, food, and a woman in a coffin – based on the juxtaposition of images, the face meant something else for each person even though the face was the SAME on each…
Eisenstein
Cutting film and splicing together – MONTAGE
Not character driven
Large scenes – lots of activity, lots going on
Battleship Potemkin (1925) – silent movie
Steps of Odessa – people dying everywhere! ugh…
Leni Riefenstahl (1902-2003)
Hitler photographer…made him look good
Triumph of the Will
She had the power to tell Hitler what to do…
Unusual shots
Tracking shots, weird shots
Inventing and applying beautifully we take for granted in film today…
250 miles of raw footage
Edited down in 200 days…
Documentaries always have an agenda
Olympia (1936)
Germany Olympics
African American winning 4 gold medals
Leni – sports photography
Tracking shots
Keeping up with the runners…
Not just stationary cameras…
Camera in the diving pool –
Thoroughly Depressing Literature
T.S. Elliot
Joyce (“I never really got Joyce”)
Kafka
Huskley (“I love reading Huskley”)
T.S. Elliot
Cats
1925 – inter-war period, a lot of experimentation going on
Eliot was not a happy man
Wrote “The Hollow Man” – a poem, during a particularly intense bout of depression
Not happy!
Structure reflects the subject matter well…
Four Main Sources:
1. The Gunpowder (historical source )
Guy Fawkes Day – the day when England was
Executions
2. Julius Caesar
3. Dante’s Divine Comedy
4. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
No moral compass, deeply disturbed man

These sources tell you something about
2 Epigraphs – “Mr. Kurtz, he dead” – “Penny for the Old Guy”
***General impression of futility***
Redundant not unnecessary

Franz Kafka
from Austria,
Felt alienated from the very beginning, – German speaking Jew, never accepted by Jewish or Bohemian, etc… (like Mahler – never felt like he belonged anywhere)
Not well treated by his father.
Didn’t like his father…
I have anything in common with myself, I should stand quietly in a corner being happy just to breathe…
UGH!
Metamorphisis
Alienation
The Trial
***FUTILITY***
Edward Hopper
I LIKE HIM! Realism – that’s probably why I like him 🙂
Nighthawks
LIGHT and Human Alienation – Human Isolation…
Ben Shahn – Miner’s Wives
Fauvist
Bright colors
Synthetic Cubism
Georgia O’Keefe
I LIKE HER – close up of flowers, etc.
Fascinated with the light and nature interactions
Patterns of nature
Basic visual essentials
Often with her flower paintings she’ll go in so close that it seems to take on an abstract feeling
Landscapes – south west, New Mexico, Arizona, reds,
Flowers were important partly because they connote the feminism
Jackson Polluck
If you can see the artistic value in this, you are better than most…
Abstract expressionism
THROWING PAINT AT THE FREAKIN PAPER… stupid if you ask me…
“Number 1”
mentally unstable, did his paintings on the ground, so it couldn’t possibly be a window…
Motherwell
Totally non-representational, not abstract art, don’t try to look for symbolism or anything in the shapes on the canvas… you can do that… but that is not what he is after…
Public statements…Strong feelings… conflicting forces, pictoral language… archetypal image
Political assasinations – woodstock – that is what is irrational, the REAL WORLD doesn’t make sense – so since we don’t make sense, we are making abstract art that has nothing connected with the world.
“Elegy to the Spanish Republic”
Simple big shapes, blobs, kind of unstructured big blobs of color…
Rothko
BIG SOLID COLOR… stupid…
Frankenthaler
The Bay
Blob color, Exploring pure color detached from any representation
Lets paint run where it wants to go…
Wright
Guggenheim Museum, circular, have to go up the ramp thing…
NERVI
Engineering used for functionality – very little ornament… what you see is what is actually holding up the building
Truth and authenticity – letting the engineering show…
“Palazzetto dello Sport”
cool criss-cross stuff going on in the roof, then Y
Saarinen
TWA Terminal – museum… comercial jet flights becoming popular – Jetsons supersonic age
Streamlined look
Sculptural values of concrete
Space inside is speedy and modern looking
Utzon
Sydney Opera house – made to look like a MOUTH…
Influenced by Saarinen
Le Corbusier
L’Unite D’Habitation
High density housing
RIGHT ANGLES
No rooms on the ground level.
School, bowling alley, houses, hospital,
In theory they wouldn’t ever have to leave there…
Mies van der Rohe
Skyscrapers – going back to Loui Sulivan, empire state building – they’ve been around for a long time
Structure is spiritual, less is more
MINIMALIST
Let the engineering of the building show…
Don’t put a facade on it,
Structure is the spiritual core of the building.
Piano and Rogers
Popidou Center – weird stuff on outside, smooth glass on the inside…
Mies van der Rohe international way…
But all the escalators and stairs and plumbing is on the outside of the building…
Then you walk in and the smooth glass is on the inside!
MOORE
plaza d’italia – visually looks like Greek architecture
Frank GEHRY
Maybe most important architect alive today
Giant Electric guitar
Weird shapes with concrete…
American Center Paris
HERZOG and De Meuron
gutted the building and put on a new exterior,
Did China’s Bird’s Nest Stadium
MEIER
“Getty Center”
Original Frank Lloyd Wright
Low laying buildings that blend with the landscape
Modular construction
Symbol of where architecture is at today…
Plensa
Crown Fountain – high tech version of a roman fountain – public place, where people get wet…
Turns into a face and water comes out…
Technological
Messiaen
BIRD SONG – strangely accurate
Quartet for the End of Time (1940)- prisoner of war camp, he wrote this
Devout Catholic, Religion, Bird song,
End of musical and real time
He can see colors – synaesthetic!
John Cage
Prepared Piano
ALWAYS MASKING HIS FEELINGS
Studied with Schonberg
Contemporary dance ensemble – Bacchanale (1938)
Indeterminacy in music
Cage wasn’t comfortable in being a dictator – more leeway – entirely out of the lead role in composition
FATE, chance, etc.
Silence = 4’33” – this is a silent piece… no intentional musical sound made during the entire piece
SO STRANGE – 4 1/2 minutes…
Johns
• “Flag”
• Pays attention to very simple objects
• He presents these just as they are, not to make a statement.
• Pay attention to him
Rauschenberg
• If you see dead, decaying animals, it’s him. Stuffed animals as art.
• He plays with the objects he uses and the juxtaposition of them
• Also toying with the idea of art decaying. Making art that is not meant to last.
Andy Warhol
campbell’s soup, Marilyn Monroe,
• Uses everyday objects
• Likes the idea of reproducible art. Uses silk screen
• He became a celebrity himself. He wanted to be seen by all. Fame hungry. One of the first Beautiful People (ex. Paris Hilton, Kardashiano, Britney Spears)
Leslie???
Painted both Portraits and non-representational art.
Bearden
• Painted Black’s. Interesting because he was a lighter skinned black so he could have chosen to Pass and say he’s Southern European or something
• He chooses to embrace his heritage, in both baseball and art.
Hockney
• British leader of Pop-Art. Like America’s Andy Warhol
• Very minimalist, very flat, Bright colors
• More optimistic than warhol
reminds me of colors like Chagall, but prettier landscapes, more simple… not cubist at all…
Smith?
• He was a metal worker

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Makes very stark, crisp-edged sculptures

Calder
• Mobile sculptures
• Hangs from ceiling, balanced, constantly moving and shifting.
Nevelson
intricate sculptures made of furniture pieces, (paints them and puts them together.)
• We’re invited to respond in our own way to the objects
Segal
• Uses life size figures, but all white. Striped of identity

Changes the idea of civic art (publicly displayed art) gets ball rolling with idea of art interacting with every day objects

Oldenberg
soft fan
every day objects in weird fashion…
opposite of their purpose.
Moore
• Sculpture artist
• Likes Neo-Classical and early American influences
His scuptures are like smooth and weird and you kinda think they look like people but they could not be…
Lin
Earth Art
Vietnam Memorial
Christo
• Obsessed with wrapping things. Ex: The orange curtains hung in central park.
• The wrapped islands, wrapped buildings, curtains across California, etc…
• He leaves everything better than he found it. Cool. Very famous
• On test for sure.
Hansen
SUPER COOL!!!
Hyper realism. So real its almost too real. Like his fiberglass interpretations of people. Are they real? Hard to tell in the gallery
Paik
• Believed in promoting non-art. Anti everything with modern art
• Conceptual art. The process of coming up with the idea is the art, not the art itself
• “electronic superhighway” – technology overload. Too much going on
• Look for T.V.’s and neon tubes
Whiteroad
• Nameless Library – a library we don’t have access to
• It contains books and stories of holocaust victims. WE will never have access to these stories.
• It is a sad work of art, very depressing memorial.
Cage was into silence, but he described sound in 4 parts
1. Pitch
2. Loudness
3. Tamber
4. Duration – MOST IMPORTANT
Indeterminancy
Cage
Before and After – Pre-compositional, Post-compositional
Le Monte Young
got bad grade on his test so challenged professor
Feed the piano a bale of hay
Release a butterfly in the auditorium, the piece ends when the butterfly flies out of the room… quiet piece… haha… oh sheesh
Set a piano on fire…
not a minimalist but a conceptualist who opened the door for minimalists
Crumb
Music had become alienated and un-human, wanted to make music human again…
Symphonies in the style of Mahler in the 1960’s
“New Vocalism” – past for inspiration
Ancient Voices of Children
Quotation of older styles
Post-Modernism
PESSIMISTIC, no progress possible, reached the end, all down hill from here…
Minimalism
Only post-war development that has legs… in 100 years, textbooks will focus on Minimalism, not these other things…
TERRY RILEY
classmate of Le Monte
Tape Loops
Open score, you can decide how many times you want to play your fragment
The one song with the High C always going for like 10 hours…
STEVE REICH
Talented… went to San Fransisco – then moved back to N.Y.
Got his idea from Terry Riley
Played a fragment over and over – sometimes it was a political statement
“Come Out”
“It’s Gonna Rain”
after playing it over and over and looping it, starts to sound melodic…etc.
Piano Phase 1967 – REICH – speed up the 8th notes etc…
Won a grammy for “Different Trains” – his grandma says ‘from chicago to new yark’ in it a bunch…
Glass
Went to paris to study with nadia boulenge (boo-lan-jay)
Given the opportunity to translate some eastern music to Western musical notation by Sitar player!!!
Very repetitive… Additive Rhythm – take a rhythm motif repeat it a lot, then add a note and repeat that, then add a note and repeat that – gets longer and longer… music in 5ths
“Einstein on the Beach” – nothing happens for 5 hours…
Wrote about 3 figures in the history of humanity that change the way people think = Ghandi, Akhnaten changed the religion of Egypt temporarily… monotheistic… and Einstein
Pruit Igoe
was blown up – end of Modernism…
Buildings where lots of people should have lived, but no one wanted to live there… trash everywhere…
Film by
Themes of Kafka and Eliot
strange and impossible things… alienation, negative human relationships, social satires, futility
both did leider
Schumann and Schubert
Brahms
§ Older forms and styles
§ Counterpoint rhythmic ambiguity
§ Big orchestral
§ Requiem has a choir and orchestra
Sergei Diaghilev
Man who is in charge of Russian Ballet at time of Stravinsky
Puccini
More natural
Got rid of bel canto
Focuses on the story more
Strauss
Tone-poems
John Adams
Second generation minimalist, later than riche and glass…
Conventional = 12 tone
Moves to san Francisco – composer in residence
Harmonielehre
Short ride on a fast machine
words taken from missing person’s adds of 9/11
Politically active… minimalism today has really found it’s niche on stage, music for commercials and movie soundtracks…etc.
Arvo Part
Gregorian chant
Style of composing: Tintinnabulation – bells
Mystical minimalists:
Part, Gorecki, Tavener…
PART AND GLASS ARE SIMILAR in style, TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
“New vocalism”
Cage
Part
• Cantate Domino
• Choral
• Latin singing with organ accompaniment
• Very chant-like
POST-ROMANTIC MUSIC – French response to Wagner
• Wanted to be French – different from German tradition and from Wagner
• Music as sound, not as an expression
Erlking
Schubert