Post Romanticism

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 Germany & Austria

 

Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler

   

     Romantic trditionalists influenced by Richard Wagner

     Tonal music, but became increasingly more chromatic

     Large forms (symponies & concertos)

 

 
 
 
 
 
Impressionism

France

Claude Monet  Impression: Sunrise

     A movement initially developed by painters

Claude Debussy

     exotic scales of nonwestern origin: Chromatic, Whole tone, and Pentatonic

     Ninth chords(5 notes built in 3rds) waivering between major and minor modes

     Subtle Orchestral colors

     Short programmatic forms (preludes &

nocturns)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Symbolism

 
 
Literary Movement

 

 

 

Stephane Marlarme & Paul Verlaine

 

 

 

influenced by Edgar Allen Poe

 

 

 

 

Expressionism

 

GERMANY

 

*reaction to impressionism

 

 

 

 

 Second Viennese School

Arnold Schoenburg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern

 atonal expressionism and serial music

 

Schoenburg used Sprechstimme (sung and spoken) and Klangfarbenmelodie

 

Webern Klangfarbenmelodie (tone color melody) and total serialized music

 

BergTonal tradition and Wagner’s leitmotif techniques

glissando
a rapid sliding up or down the musical scale