George Sand (1804-1876)
Born Aurore Dupin
Married, became Baroness
Raised by grandmother on estate, Noha
Royal (father), commoner (mother)
“Liszt at the Piano”
Painting, 1840, by Josef Danhauser
Statue of Beethoven at Window
19th Century Bel canto composers
Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868)
Gaetano Donizetti (1797-1848)
Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835)
Manuel Garcia II
wrote earliest books on voice pedagogy
Father, first Count Almaviva
Adolphe Nouritt and Luigi Lablache
Leading baritones in Paris Opera
Soirees
featured politics, literary discussion, singing, art, etc.
Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)
Parisian painter
Large/colorful pieces
Ivan Turgenev
Russian writer; in love with Pauline Garcia
Pauline Garcia
Parisian mezzo-soprano and composer
Becomes Viardot
“Pace non trovo” Sonetto 104
Franz Liszt
solo piano piece, arranged by Liszt
2 of largest opera companies
Paris Opera
Opera Italien
Opera companies subsidized by govt.
At least 8
Marie Dagu
Known for throwing soirees
Left husband for Franz Liszt (3 children)
Vanne, o rosa fortunata
Bellini (known as supreme melodist)
Franz Liszt
Big performer of Schubert pieces; performed them in Paris
Dolente immagine di Fille mia
Bellini
Shape/contour of melody prominent; primarily conjunct; repeated text
Benefits of pianist/composer around 1840
write for music publishing
solo public performance
teaching
Nocturne in C minor
Chopin
Pauline Garcia Viardot and Lully Viardot
Pauline: Debut at age 7
Lully: Impressario at Paris Opera
Filles de Cadiz
Pauline Viardot
Text, Alfred de Musset
O! quand je dors
Franz Liszt
Text, Victor Hugo
Aragonese
Gioacchino Rossini
Text, Pietro Metastasio
La mort D’Ophelie
Hector Berlioz
Le Chasseur Danois (1844)
Hector Berlioz
Text, Adolfe de Leuven
Ravel talks on Gounod
Gounod – true founder of melodie
Gounod moved away from vocal subtlety
Gounod sought to show blend b/n accompaniment and vocal line
Venise (1842)
Charles Gounod
Text, Alfred de Musset
“Serenade (1855)
Charles Gounod
Text, Victor Hugo
Chanson Triste (1868)
Henri Duparc
Text, Henri Cazalis (Jean Lahor, pseudonym)
L’invitation au voyage
Gounod
Text, Charles Baudelaire
Phidyle
Gounod
Text, Leconte de Lisle
Parnassiens
French poets headed by Lconte de Lisle
Interest in modal harmony and change within melodic structure/modal inflection
Lydia
Faure
Poem, Leconte de Lisle
Apres un reve
Faure
Poem, Romain Bussine
Au bord de l’eau Op, 8, no. 1
Faure
Poem, Sully Prudhomme
Nell Op. 18, no. 1
Faure
Poem, Leconte de Lisle
Les Berceaux Op, 23, no. 1
Faure
Poem, Sully Prudhomme
Les roses d’lopahan
Faure
Poem, Leconte de Lisle
Watteau
Dominant figure in French art
Interested in color/expression (Rubanist)
Painted: Pierrot, The Embarkation from Cythera, Portrait of a Gentleman
Pantomime (1882)
Debussy
Text, Paul Verlaine
Mandoline
Debussy
Text, Verlaine
En Sourdine
Debussy
Text, Verlaine
C’est l’extase
Debussy
Text, Verlaine
Clair de lune
Debusy, Faure, and ______
La Chevelure from Chansons de Bilitis
Debussy
Text, Pierre Louys